Semiconductor gas sensors utilize porous polycrystalline resistors made
of semiconducting oxides. The working principle involves the receptor
function played by the surface of each oxide grain and the transducer
function played by each grain boundary.
In addition, the utility factor of the sensing body also takes part in
determining the gas response. Therefore, the concepts of sensor design
are determined by considering each of these three key factors.
The requirements are selection of a base oxide with high mobility of
conduction electrons and satisfactory stability (transducer function),
selection of a foreign receptor which enhances surface reactions or
adsorption of target gas (receptor function), and fabrication of a
highly porous, thin sensing body (utility factor). Recent progress in
sensor design based on these factors is described.
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