Detecting carbon dioxide emissions has always been a little hit and miss
when it comes to larger areas: the sensor technology we currently have
isn’t well-suited to large areas, and it’s extremely expensive.
This is, of course one of the multitudes of reasons why fossil fuels
have been able to hold off the energy lobby for so long. This has left
environmentalists searching for a better way to police the pollutant and
now they may have found one.
It’s so simple that it is almost confounding that this hasn’t existed
all along: the Hemholtz Centre for Environmental Research has designed a
simple carbon dioxide sensor (CO2 sensor) based on the principle of diffusion. In
case you, like me, chose to skate through your chemistry class in the
last term of your senior year perpetually hung over, diffusion is the
movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of
low concentration. This means that certain gases will always move
through a membrane faster than others, allowing you to measure
concentrations on either side and, using the rate of transfer, establish
the concentration in the surrounding atmosphere.
These MeGa (Membrane-based Gas sensors) are presently planned to be used
in fields like landfill monitoring, where it was previously
prohibitively expensive to use sensors to keep track of emissions. They
may be adapted for use in other applications however, such as gas
pipelines, sewers, bodies of water, and, most exciting, at least to
those of you that believe in carbon sequestration, drilling and capture
of carbon dioxide.
This technology of course, has great implications far beyond industrial
use. The scientific team that developed it suggests a wide variety of
commercial uses will be established and that they will be able to scale
down their invention for use in small spaces like private homes and
scientific labs. The main victory here however, is that information
gathered before this was merely a projection, now the data is far
superior; finding the hottest spots on the planet for carbon emissions
is the first step to cutting them back.
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
2016年7月26日星期二
2016年7月21日星期四
FAU’s I-SENSE, Dioxide Materials to Jointly Develop Low-Power CO2 Sensors for HVAC Applications
Just as the summer is heating up, Florida Atlantic University’s
Institute for Sensing and Embedded Network Systems Engineering (I-SENSE)
and Dioxide Materials™ have formed a unique partnership to develop and
evaluate a novel low-cost, low-power, wireless CO2 sensing system for
heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) applications. The
technology that emerges from this joint project will help to
significantly lower the amount of energy businesses and homes use for
HVAC.
Located in the Research Park at FAU, Dioxide Materials™, in collaboration with FAU’s I-SENSE, has received a Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to work on the project. This project builds on a private/public partnership that leverages the complementary skill sets and associated innovations of both organizations.
Dioxide Materials™ has developed low-cost, low-power CO2 sensors for building HVAC applications. Their technology employs electrochemical sensors, similar to those in a household carbon monoxide (CO) alarm, making the sensor sensitive to carbon dioxide rather than carbon monoxide. The sensors can be manufactured much less expensively than the current generation of CO2 sensors and can run on batteries.
Currently, Dioxide Materials™ has working sensors, but needs the electronics and communications systems to connect the sensors to a building’s direct digital control (DDC) systems. I-SENSE is a leader in the design and application of low-cost, low-power telemetry platforms and sensor network systems. Together, the team will develop the electronics and software necessary to interface Dioxide Materials’ sensors to a building’s DDC system. This new technology will help to lower the amount of energy homes and businesses use for HVAC based on whole-building CO2 monitoring without the need for expensive building rewiring.
Most current HVAC systems are designed to supply constant ventilation based on the design occupancy of the space. However, this method often results in significant wastes of energy and energy dollars. Demand control ventilation (DCV), the automated process that adjusts the volume of fresh air or outside air into a building, saves energy and electricity costs by using CO2 sensors to measure the air quality and occupancy in each room, and adjusting the HVAC system accordingly. Although DCV is often seen in the construction of new multisensory LEED buildings, it has been slow to be adopted in commercial retrofits or remodeling projects, small commercial buildings and residential complexes.
“Our project will focus on robust, networked CO2 sensing and HVAC system integration; we are excited to partner with Dioxide Materials™ to help them develop and test these innovative CO2 sensors,” said Jason Hallstrom, Ph.D., director of FAU’s I-SENSE and a professor in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at FAU. “We expect this technology to substantially reduce the costs that are associated with installing DCV systems in commercial and residential buildings.”
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, demand control ventilation using CO2 sensors could reduce the energy costs of heating and cooling a building by 10 to 30 percent.
“By leveraging our expertise with FAU’s I-SENSE scientists and engineers, we can have a tremendous impact on reducing energy waste in buildings,” said Rich Masel, Ph.D., founder and CEO of Dioxide Materials™. “Having CO2 sensors in each room so that cooling and heating are based on the number of people in the room rather than running at a constant temperature, will prevent energy losses from over ventilation, while maintaining indoor air quality.”
FAU’s I-SENSE is a leader in the design and application of low-cost, low-power telemetry platforms and sensor network systems. I-SENSE serves as a clearinghouse for sensing, communication, and data management technologies, providing expertise, engineering support, and project management services through its research, engineering and administrative cores.
Dioxide Materials™ is developing a new generation of low-cost, low-powered CO2 electrochemical sensors for demand controlled ventilation (DCV) of HVAC systems. The devices are microscale versions of the CO2 electrolyzers being developed for CO2 conversion and use the company’s patent pending CO2 conversion catalysts to create an electrical signal that is proportional to the amount of CO2 in the air. Dioxide Materials' low-power CO2 sensors meet the battery operating lifetime requirement, eliminating the need for costly rewiring, and, unlike infrared-based sensors, are compatible with wireless thermostats.
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
Located in the Research Park at FAU, Dioxide Materials™, in collaboration with FAU’s I-SENSE, has received a Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to work on the project. This project builds on a private/public partnership that leverages the complementary skill sets and associated innovations of both organizations.
Dioxide Materials™ has developed low-cost, low-power CO2 sensors for building HVAC applications. Their technology employs electrochemical sensors, similar to those in a household carbon monoxide (CO) alarm, making the sensor sensitive to carbon dioxide rather than carbon monoxide. The sensors can be manufactured much less expensively than the current generation of CO2 sensors and can run on batteries.
Currently, Dioxide Materials™ has working sensors, but needs the electronics and communications systems to connect the sensors to a building’s direct digital control (DDC) systems. I-SENSE is a leader in the design and application of low-cost, low-power telemetry platforms and sensor network systems. Together, the team will develop the electronics and software necessary to interface Dioxide Materials’ sensors to a building’s DDC system. This new technology will help to lower the amount of energy homes and businesses use for HVAC based on whole-building CO2 monitoring without the need for expensive building rewiring.
Most current HVAC systems are designed to supply constant ventilation based on the design occupancy of the space. However, this method often results in significant wastes of energy and energy dollars. Demand control ventilation (DCV), the automated process that adjusts the volume of fresh air or outside air into a building, saves energy and electricity costs by using CO2 sensors to measure the air quality and occupancy in each room, and adjusting the HVAC system accordingly. Although DCV is often seen in the construction of new multisensory LEED buildings, it has been slow to be adopted in commercial retrofits or remodeling projects, small commercial buildings and residential complexes.
“Our project will focus on robust, networked CO2 sensing and HVAC system integration; we are excited to partner with Dioxide Materials™ to help them develop and test these innovative CO2 sensors,” said Jason Hallstrom, Ph.D., director of FAU’s I-SENSE and a professor in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at FAU. “We expect this technology to substantially reduce the costs that are associated with installing DCV systems in commercial and residential buildings.”
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, demand control ventilation using CO2 sensors could reduce the energy costs of heating and cooling a building by 10 to 30 percent.
“By leveraging our expertise with FAU’s I-SENSE scientists and engineers, we can have a tremendous impact on reducing energy waste in buildings,” said Rich Masel, Ph.D., founder and CEO of Dioxide Materials™. “Having CO2 sensors in each room so that cooling and heating are based on the number of people in the room rather than running at a constant temperature, will prevent energy losses from over ventilation, while maintaining indoor air quality.”
FAU’s I-SENSE is a leader in the design and application of low-cost, low-power telemetry platforms and sensor network systems. I-SENSE serves as a clearinghouse for sensing, communication, and data management technologies, providing expertise, engineering support, and project management services through its research, engineering and administrative cores.
Dioxide Materials™ is developing a new generation of low-cost, low-powered CO2 electrochemical sensors for demand controlled ventilation (DCV) of HVAC systems. The devices are microscale versions of the CO2 electrolyzers being developed for CO2 conversion and use the company’s patent pending CO2 conversion catalysts to create an electrical signal that is proportional to the amount of CO2 in the air. Dioxide Materials' low-power CO2 sensors meet the battery operating lifetime requirement, eliminating the need for costly rewiring, and, unlike infrared-based sensors, are compatible with wireless thermostats.
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
2016年7月11日星期一
Nanostart's ItN Nanovation receives European patent for CO2 sensor technology
Nanotechnology
investor Nanostart's (ETR:NNS) portfolio company ItN Nanovation announced today
it has received a European patent for its carbon dioxide sensor technology.
ItN, which develops ceramic filtration systems and coatings for industrial customers, said that the receipt of the patent is a step forward for the company in terms of developing CO2 sensors for the commercial market.
The European patent covers the company's nanostructured material and the CO2-sensitive sensor coatings it is used to produce. ItN's coating products are used in a number of ways as protective coatings, from baking ovens to coal-fired power plants.
CO2 detection is crucial in many industrial processes including energy production and the control of ventilation and climate control equipment.
ItN said it plans to work with industry partners to develop these CO2 sensors for the market, and is currently involved in initial discussions with third parties.
Frankfurt-based Nanostart provides venture capital financing for nanotechnology companies in various growth phases with a focus on industries such as cleantech, life sciences, and IT/electronics.
ItN, which develops ceramic filtration systems and coatings for industrial customers, said that the receipt of the patent is a step forward for the company in terms of developing CO2 sensors for the commercial market.
The European patent covers the company's nanostructured material and the CO2-sensitive sensor coatings it is used to produce. ItN's coating products are used in a number of ways as protective coatings, from baking ovens to coal-fired power plants.
CO2 detection is crucial in many industrial processes including energy production and the control of ventilation and climate control equipment.
ItN said it plans to work with industry partners to develop these CO2 sensors for the market, and is currently involved in initial discussions with third parties.
Frankfurt-based Nanostart provides venture capital financing for nanotechnology companies in various growth phases with a focus on industries such as cleantech, life sciences, and IT/electronics.
2016年7月8日星期五
New composite material works as CO2 Sensor (carbon dioxide sensor)
A new type of
sensor that can measure carbon dioxide (CO2) consists of a recently developed
composite material. It interacts with CO2 molecules and changes its
conductivity depending on the concentration of CO2 in the environment. Material
scientists at ETH Zurich in Switzerland and the Max Planck Institute of
Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam ,
Germany
The basis of the composite material is a chain-like macromolecule (polymer) made up of salts called ionic liquids, which are liquid and conductive at room temperature. (The researchers say that the name of the polymers is slightly misleading as they are called polyionic liquids (PIL), although they are solid rather than liquid).
Scientists worldwide are currently investigating these PIL for use in different applications, such as batteries and CO2 storage. From their work it is known that PIL can adsorb CO2. “We asked ourselves if we could exploit this property to obtain information on the concentration of CO2 in the air and thereby develop a new type of gas sensor,” said Christoph Willa, doctoral student at the laboratory for multifunctional materials.
Willa and Dorota Koziej, a team leader in the laboratory, eventually succeeded by mixing the polymers with specific inorganic nanoparticles that also interact with CO2. By experimenting with these materials, the scientists were able to produce the composite. “Separately, neither the polymer nor the nanoparticles conduct electricity,” Willa said. “But when we combined them in a certain ratio, their conductivity increased rapidly.”
They were also surprised that the conductivity of the composite material at room temperature is CO2-dependent. “Until now, chemoresistive materials have displayed these properties only at a temperature of several hundred degrees Celsius,” said Koziej. Thus, existing CO2 sensors made from chemoresistive materials had to be heated to a high operating temperature. With the new composite material, this is not necessary, which facilitates its application significantly.
With the new sensor, scientists are able to measure CO2 concentration over a wide range – from a concentration of 0.04 volume percent in the earth’s atmosphere to 0.25 volume percent.
Existing devices that can detect CO2 measure the optical signal and capitalize on the fact that CO2 absorbs infrared light. In comparison, researchers believe that with the new material much smaller, portable devices can be developed that will require less energy. Koziej believes that portable devices to measure breathing air for scuba diving, extreme altitude mountaineering or medical applications are now feasible.
The basis of the composite material is a chain-like macromolecule (polymer) made up of salts called ionic liquids, which are liquid and conductive at room temperature. (The researchers say that the name of the polymers is slightly misleading as they are called polyionic liquids (PIL), although they are solid rather than liquid).
Scientists worldwide are currently investigating these PIL for use in different applications, such as batteries and CO2 storage. From their work it is known that PIL can adsorb CO2. “We asked ourselves if we could exploit this property to obtain information on the concentration of CO2 in the air and thereby develop a new type of gas sensor,” said Christoph Willa, doctoral student at the laboratory for multifunctional materials.
Willa and Dorota Koziej, a team leader in the laboratory, eventually succeeded by mixing the polymers with specific inorganic nanoparticles that also interact with CO2. By experimenting with these materials, the scientists were able to produce the composite. “Separately, neither the polymer nor the nanoparticles conduct electricity,” Willa said. “But when we combined them in a certain ratio, their conductivity increased rapidly.”
They were also surprised that the conductivity of the composite material at room temperature is CO2-dependent. “Until now, chemoresistive materials have displayed these properties only at a temperature of several hundred degrees Celsius,” said Koziej. Thus, existing CO2 sensors made from chemoresistive materials had to be heated to a high operating temperature. With the new composite material, this is not necessary, which facilitates its application significantly.
With the new sensor, scientists are able to measure CO2 concentration over a wide range – from a concentration of 0.04 volume percent in the earth’s atmosphere to 0.25 volume percent.
Existing devices that can detect CO2 measure the optical signal and capitalize on the fact that CO2 absorbs infrared light. In comparison, researchers believe that with the new material much smaller, portable devices can be developed that will require less energy. Koziej believes that portable devices to measure breathing air for scuba diving, extreme altitude mountaineering or medical applications are now feasible.
2016年7月7日星期四
Global Advanced CO2 Sensor Market 2016 – Digital Control Systems, Siemens Industry, SenseAir, Veris Industries, Vaisala Inc., Hans Turck, Honeywell
The
market report, titled Advanced CO2 Sensor
Market 2016, is an analytical research done by QY Market Research study based
on the Advanced CO2 Sensor market, which analyzes the competitive framework of
the Advanced CO2 Sensor industry worldwide. This report “Worldwide Advanced CO2
Sensor Market 2016” build by the usage of efficient methodical tools such SWOT
analysis, the Advanced CO2 Sensor industrial 2016 study offers a comprehensive
evaluation worldwide Advanced CO2 Sensor market.
Major Manufacturers Analysis of Advanced CO2 Sensor : Balluff, Siemens Industry, SenseAir, Veris Industries, Vaisala Inc., Hans Turck, Honeywell, AirTest Technologies, Johnson Controls, Digital Control Systems
Global Advanced CO2 Sensor Market 2016 report has Forecasted Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) in % value for particular period, that will help user to take decision based on futuristic chart. Report also includes key players in global Advanced CO2 Sensor market.
The Advanced CO2 Sensor market size is estimated in terms of revenue (US$) and production volume in this report. Whereas the Advanced CO2 Sensor market key segments and the geographical distribution across the globe is also deeply analyzed. Various Advanced CO2 Sensor market dynamics such as growth drivers, restrictions, and the future prospects of each segment have been discussed in detail. Based on that, the Advanced CO2 Sensor market report determines the future status of the market globally.
This report covers every aspect of the global market for Advanced CO2 Sensor , starting from the basic market information and advancing further to various significant criteria, based on which, the Advanced CO2 Sensor market is segmented. Key application areas of Advanced CO2 Sensor are also assessed on the basis of their performance.
The Advanced CO2 Sensor industrial chain, existing policies,and rules and regulations are studied in this Advanced CO2 Sensor Market report. Key manufacturers, their manufacturing chain, products, Advanced CO2 Sensor market price structures as well as the revenue.
The report also evaluates the production capacity, dynamics of demand and supply, logistics, and the historical performance of the Advanced CO2 Sensor market worldwide.
Major Manufacturers Analysis of Advanced CO2 Sensor : Balluff, Siemens Industry, SenseAir, Veris Industries, Vaisala Inc., Hans Turck, Honeywell, AirTest Technologies, Johnson Controls, Digital Control Systems
Global Advanced CO2 Sensor Market 2016 report has Forecasted Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) in % value for particular period, that will help user to take decision based on futuristic chart. Report also includes key players in global Advanced CO2 Sensor market.
The Advanced CO2 Sensor market size is estimated in terms of revenue (US$) and production volume in this report. Whereas the Advanced CO2 Sensor market key segments and the geographical distribution across the globe is also deeply analyzed. Various Advanced CO2 Sensor market dynamics such as growth drivers, restrictions, and the future prospects of each segment have been discussed in detail. Based on that, the Advanced CO2 Sensor market report determines the future status of the market globally.
This report covers every aspect of the global market for Advanced CO2 Sensor , starting from the basic market information and advancing further to various significant criteria, based on which, the Advanced CO2 Sensor market is segmented. Key application areas of Advanced CO2 Sensor are also assessed on the basis of their performance.
The Advanced CO2 Sensor industrial chain, existing policies,and rules and regulations are studied in this Advanced CO2 Sensor Market report. Key manufacturers, their manufacturing chain, products, Advanced CO2 Sensor market price structures as well as the revenue.
The report also evaluates the production capacity, dynamics of demand and supply, logistics, and the historical performance of the Advanced CO2 Sensor market worldwide.
2016年7月5日星期二
New report shares details about the North America Advanced CO2 Sensor
The North America Advanced CO2 Sensor Industry 2016 Market Research
Report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the
Advanced CO2 Sensor industry.
The report provides a basic overview of the industry including definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain structure. The Advanced CO2 Sensor market analysis is provided for the North America markets including development trends, competitive landscape analysis, and key regions development status.
Development policies and plans are discussed as well as manufacturing processes and Bill of Materials cost structures are also analyzed. This report also states import/export consumption, supply and demand Figures, cost, price, revenue and gross margins.
The report focuses on North America major leading industry players providing information such as company profiles, product picture and specification, capacity, production, price, cost, revenue and contact information. Upstream raw materials and equipment and downstream demand analysis is also carried out. The Advanced CO2 Sensor industry development trends and marketing channels are analyzed. Finally the feasibility of new investment projects are assessed and overall research conclusions offered.
With 152 tables and figures the report provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
COMPANY PROFILE:
7 Analysis of Advanced CO2 Sensor Industry Key Manufacturers
7.1 Digital Control Systems
7.1.1 Company Profile
7.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.1.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.1.4 Digital Control Systems SWOT Analysis
7.2 GE
7.2.1 Company Profile
7.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.2.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.2.4 GE SWOT Analysis
7.3 Honeywell
7.3.1 Company Profile
7.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.3.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.3.4 Honeywell SWOT Analysis
7.4 Johnson Controls
7.4.1 Company Profile
7.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.4.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.4.4 Johnson Controls SWOT Analysis
7.5 AirTest Technologies
7.5.1 Company Profile
7.5.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.5.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.5.4 AirTest Technologies SWOT Analysis
7.6 Balluff
7.6.1 Company Profile
7.6.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.6.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.6.4 Balluff SWOT Analysis
7.7 Pepperl+Fuchs
7.7.1 Company Profile
7.7.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.7.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.7.4 Pepperl+Fuchs SWOT Analysis
7.8 SICK
7.8.1 Company Profile
7.8.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.8.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.8.4 SICK SWOT Analysis
7.9 Siemens Industry
7.9.1 Company Profile
7.9.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.9.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.9.4 Siemens Industry SWOT Analysis
7.10 SenseAir
7.10.1 Company Profile
7.10.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.10.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.10.4 SenseAir SWOT Analysis
7.11 Hans Turck
7.11.1 Company Profile
7.11.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.11.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.11.4 Hans Turck SWOT Analysis
7.12 Vaisala Inc.
7.12.1 Company Profile
7.12.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.12.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.12.4 Vaisala Inc. SWOT Analysis
7.13 Veris Industries
7.13.1 Company Profile
7.13.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.13.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.13.4 Veris Industries SWOT Analysis
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
The report provides a basic overview of the industry including definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain structure. The Advanced CO2 Sensor market analysis is provided for the North America markets including development trends, competitive landscape analysis, and key regions development status.
Development policies and plans are discussed as well as manufacturing processes and Bill of Materials cost structures are also analyzed. This report also states import/export consumption, supply and demand Figures, cost, price, revenue and gross margins.
The report focuses on North America major leading industry players providing information such as company profiles, product picture and specification, capacity, production, price, cost, revenue and contact information. Upstream raw materials and equipment and downstream demand analysis is also carried out. The Advanced CO2 Sensor industry development trends and marketing channels are analyzed. Finally the feasibility of new investment projects are assessed and overall research conclusions offered.
With 152 tables and figures the report provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
COMPANY PROFILE:
7 Analysis of Advanced CO2 Sensor Industry Key Manufacturers
7.1 Digital Control Systems
7.1.1 Company Profile
7.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.1.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.1.4 Digital Control Systems SWOT Analysis
7.2 GE
7.2.1 Company Profile
7.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.2.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.2.4 GE SWOT Analysis
7.3 Honeywell
7.3.1 Company Profile
7.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.3.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.3.4 Honeywell SWOT Analysis
7.4 Johnson Controls
7.4.1 Company Profile
7.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.4.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.4.4 Johnson Controls SWOT Analysis
7.5 AirTest Technologies
7.5.1 Company Profile
7.5.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.5.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.5.4 AirTest Technologies SWOT Analysis
7.6 Balluff
7.6.1 Company Profile
7.6.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.6.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.6.4 Balluff SWOT Analysis
7.7 Pepperl+Fuchs
7.7.1 Company Profile
7.7.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.7.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.7.4 Pepperl+Fuchs SWOT Analysis
7.8 SICK
7.8.1 Company Profile
7.8.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.8.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.8.4 SICK SWOT Analysis
7.9 Siemens Industry
7.9.1 Company Profile
7.9.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.9.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.9.4 Siemens Industry SWOT Analysis
7.10 SenseAir
7.10.1 Company Profile
7.10.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.10.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.10.4 SenseAir SWOT Analysis
7.11 Hans Turck
7.11.1 Company Profile
7.11.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.11.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.11.4 Hans Turck SWOT Analysis
7.12 Vaisala Inc.
7.12.1 Company Profile
7.12.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.12.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.12.4 Vaisala Inc. SWOT Analysis
7.13 Veris Industries
7.13.1 Company Profile
7.13.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.13.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue
7.13.4 Veris Industries SWOT Analysis
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
2016年6月30日星期四
Global Advanced CO2 Sensor Market 2015 – 2019, New Report Launched
Advanced CO2 sensors help to monitor the intensity of CO2 in
different mediums like air or water and can adjust automatically to changes in
temperature, humidity, and altitude. This market is an integral part of the
global sensors market and is heavily influenced by the augmented demand for
location-based advanced CO2 sensors, which results in its impressive CAGR of
nearly 42% by 2019.
The market research analyst has estimated eminent trends, such as the rising need for better air pollution measurement systems, to drive market growth during the forecast period. Recent innovations in the electronic industry have resulted in the increased emission of hazardous gases, which leads to global warming. Therefore, in order to effectively measure and monitor the intensity of CO2 in the atmosphere, environmental scientists across the globe are increasingly adopting advanced CO2 sensors.
Segmentation by type and analysis of the advanced CO2 sensors market
- NDIR CO2 sensors
- Chemical CO2 sensors
In this market analysis, analysts estimate the non-dispersive infrared (NIDR) CO2 sensors segment to account for nearly 89% of the total market share by 2019. The long lifespan, stability, and high humidity and dirt-withstanding nature of IR sensors are responsible for its high market share during the forecast period.
Geographical segmentation of the advanced CO2 sensors market
- APAC
- EMEA
-Americas
In terms of revenue contribution, the EMEA region is expected to dominate this market during the forecast period followed by theAmericas
Competitive landscape and key vendors
This global advanced CO2 sensors market is highly fragmented as most of the vendors in this market are yet to establish themselves as prominent players with extensive product offerings. Since this market is still in its nascent stage, analysts estimate intense competition between vendors to drive market growth during the forecast period.
Key vendors in this market are -
- Digital Control Systems
- GE
- Honeywell
- Johnson Controls
Other prominent vendors analyzed in this market study are AirTest Technologies, Balluff GmbH, Balluff GmbH, Pepperl+Fuchs GmbH, SICK AG, Siemens Industry, SenseAir AB, Hans Turck GmbH & Co. KG, Vaisala Inc., and Veris Industries Inc.
Key questions answered in the report include
- What will the market size and the growth rate be in 2019?
- What are the key factors driving the global advanced CO2 sensors market?
- What are the key market trends impacting the growth of the global advanced CO2 sensors market?
- What are the challenges to market growth?
- Who are the key vendors in the global advanced CO2 sensors market?
- What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the vendors in the global advanced CO2 sensors market?
- Trending factors influencing the market shares of the EMEA,Americas
- What are the key outcomes of the five forces analysis of the global advanced CO2 sensors market?
Spanning over 58 pages and 25 Exhibit "Global Advanced CO2 Sensor Market 2015 - 2019" report covers Executive summary, Scope of the report, Market research methodology, Introduction, Market Overview, Market Landscape, Market segmentation, Geographical segmentation, Impact of drivers, Impact of drivers and challenges, Vendor landscape, Key vendor analysis, Appendix.
The market research analyst has estimated eminent trends, such as the rising need for better air pollution measurement systems, to drive market growth during the forecast period. Recent innovations in the electronic industry have resulted in the increased emission of hazardous gases, which leads to global warming. Therefore, in order to effectively measure and monitor the intensity of CO2 in the atmosphere, environmental scientists across the globe are increasingly adopting advanced CO2 sensors.
Segmentation by type and analysis of the advanced CO2 sensors market
- NDIR CO2 sensors
- Chemical CO2 sensors
In this market analysis, analysts estimate the non-dispersive infrared (NIDR) CO2 sensors segment to account for nearly 89% of the total market share by 2019. The long lifespan, stability, and high humidity and dirt-withstanding nature of IR sensors are responsible for its high market share during the forecast period.
Geographical segmentation of the advanced CO2 sensors market
- APAC
- EMEA
-
In terms of revenue contribution, the EMEA region is expected to dominate this market during the forecast period followed by the
Competitive landscape and key vendors
This global advanced CO2 sensors market is highly fragmented as most of the vendors in this market are yet to establish themselves as prominent players with extensive product offerings. Since this market is still in its nascent stage, analysts estimate intense competition between vendors to drive market growth during the forecast period.
Key vendors in this market are -
- Digital Control Systems
- GE
- Honeywell
- Johnson Controls
Other prominent vendors analyzed in this market study are AirTest Technologies, Balluff GmbH, Balluff GmbH, Pepperl+Fuchs GmbH, SICK AG, Siemens Industry, SenseAir AB, Hans Turck GmbH & Co. KG, Vaisala Inc., and Veris Industries Inc.
Key questions answered in the report include
- What will the market size and the growth rate be in 2019?
- What are the key factors driving the global advanced CO2 sensors market?
- What are the key market trends impacting the growth of the global advanced CO2 sensors market?
- What are the challenges to market growth?
- Who are the key vendors in the global advanced CO2 sensors market?
- What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the vendors in the global advanced CO2 sensors market?
- Trending factors influencing the market shares of the EMEA,
- What are the key outcomes of the five forces analysis of the global advanced CO2 sensors market?
Spanning over 58 pages and 25 Exhibit "Global Advanced CO2 Sensor Market 2015 - 2019" report covers Executive summary, Scope of the report, Market research methodology, Introduction, Market Overview, Market Landscape, Market segmentation, Geographical segmentation, Impact of drivers, Impact of drivers and challenges, Vendor landscape, Key vendor analysis, Appendix.
2016年6月29日星期三
CO2 sensor versus volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor
The study investigated performance of two commercially
available non-selective metal oxide semiconductor VOC sensors and two
commercially available non dispersive infrared CO2 sensors installed in one
person office. The office was equipped with demand controlled ventilation.
The signals from VOC and CO2 sensors, presence detection
sensor and supply/return air flow were logged. VOC and CO2 signals were in
agreement with respect to indicated need for mechanical ventilation for 49 % of
occupied time (81 % of whole measuring period).
VOC measurement would clearly trigger the mechanical
ventilation in contradiction with CO2 measurement in 11 % of occupied time.
Opposite situation was observed in 6 % of occupied time. In approx. 22 % of
occupied time CO2 signal has just reached the set-point while the VOC signal
was significantly below. In that case the ventilation start up would be
dependent on settings of a particular controller.
2016年6月28日星期二
The positive attraction of a non-magnetic CO2 sensor
In
typical pioneering style Analox
recently completed a highly specialised research project on behalf of a major
military supplier. The goal was to develop a carbon dioxide (CO2)
sensor with an extremely low magnetic signature – a technology currently
unavailable in off-the-shelf products. The initial results were promising and
the resulting prototype fulfilled the required specification.
The availability of such a sensor would enable the production of gas-detection systems with a magnetic signature not larger than 5nT (nano Tesla), the limit specified by the NATO Standardization Agreement STANAG 2897 Class A. Compliance with this standard is becoming an operational necessity for defence applications which deal with magnetically sensitive ordnance.
The focus of Analox’s commissioned research was the feasibility of a non-magneticCO2 sensor for use in re-breathers. A re-breather is a type of self-contained breathing apparatus designed to permit ‘recycling’ of exhaled air, by removing excess carbon dioxide and gradually replacing the depleted oxygen.
Re-breathers incorporate both an oxygen tank and a canister of soda lime which absorbs, or ‘scrubs’ the carbon dioxide from the exhaled air. This canister must be physically repacked with absorbent material before use but the process has been known to fail. Any deficiencies in either the packing process or the quality of the absorbent may result in potentially fatal CO2 poisoning, known as hypercapnia.
The dangers of hypercapnia are well-documented. Consequently strict procedures exist wherever divers or emergency personnel are responsible for checking and repacking soda lime canisters for re-breathers. Nevertheless the physical nature of the task remains vulnerable to poor maintenance or human error.
Safety is greatly enhanced by the integration of a CO2 sensor in the re-breather. This provides an early warning of any increase in CO2 and gives the user valuable time to take action. For re-breathers that are not required to be anti-magnetic, this solution is relatively simple. However, re-breathers that are specified to comply with STANAG 2897 Class A would be compromised by the use of an off-the-shelf CO2 sensor which has a typical (i.e. relatively high) magnetic signature.
Before Analox’s prototype sensor is put into production further tests will be performed to prove its ongoing accuracy and reliability. And whilst details of the technologies involved are commercially sensitive, it is fair to say that the non-magnetic CO2 sensor offers many advantages over those currently available.
The availability of such a sensor would enable the production of gas-detection systems with a magnetic signature not larger than 5nT (nano Tesla), the limit specified by the NATO Standardization Agreement STANAG 2897 Class A. Compliance with this standard is becoming an operational necessity for defence applications which deal with magnetically sensitive ordnance.
The focus of Analox’s commissioned research was the feasibility of a non-magneticCO2 sensor for use in re-breathers. A re-breather is a type of self-contained breathing apparatus designed to permit ‘recycling’ of exhaled air, by removing excess carbon dioxide and gradually replacing the depleted oxygen.
Re-breathers incorporate both an oxygen tank and a canister of soda lime which absorbs, or ‘scrubs’ the carbon dioxide from the exhaled air. This canister must be physically repacked with absorbent material before use but the process has been known to fail. Any deficiencies in either the packing process or the quality of the absorbent may result in potentially fatal CO2 poisoning, known as hypercapnia.
The dangers of hypercapnia are well-documented. Consequently strict procedures exist wherever divers or emergency personnel are responsible for checking and repacking soda lime canisters for re-breathers. Nevertheless the physical nature of the task remains vulnerable to poor maintenance or human error.
Safety is greatly enhanced by the integration of a CO2 sensor in the re-breather. This provides an early warning of any increase in CO2 and gives the user valuable time to take action. For re-breathers that are not required to be anti-magnetic, this solution is relatively simple. However, re-breathers that are specified to comply with STANAG 2897 Class A would be compromised by the use of an off-the-shelf CO2 sensor which has a typical (i.e. relatively high) magnetic signature.
Before Analox’s prototype sensor is put into production further tests will be performed to prove its ongoing accuracy and reliability. And whilst details of the technologies involved are commercially sensitive, it is fair to say that the non-magnetic CO2 sensor offers many advantages over those currently available.
2016年6月24日星期五
What Is a CO2 Sensor?
Carbon dioxide is a deadly gas that can kill a person before they realize what is happening. Because it is odorless and colorless, you may not even know it is present without a detector. Exposure to carbon dioxide can cause headaches, nausea, vomiting and even death. A Co2 sensor (or carbon dioxide sensor) detects the presence of carbon dioxide in an area. This device indicates the quality of indoor air, and it is ideal for industrial and commercial applications.
How Co2 Sensors Operate
Carbon dioxide sensors have a wide range of applications. They are ideal for the HVAC industry to measure the quality of indoor air, as well as ventilation on air conditioning systems. They monitor the level of carbon dioxide in a building to tell the HVAC system when fresh air is needed to restore optimal airflow. They measure air quality in terrestrial and space applications, measure Co2 levels in greenhouses, and are useful in many other industries.
NDIR Co2 Sensors
Two basic types of Co2 sensors exist. The first is the non-dispersive infrared (or NDIR) Co2 sensor. A NDIR sensor is a spectroscopic sensor that uses a light tube, an infrared source, infrared detector and a wavelength filter. The highest quality of these devices measures gas with sensitivities between 20 and 50 PPM. Waves of light go through the tube towards an infrared light detector while the gas absorbs the light. All remaining light is absorbed, except that absorbed by the carbon dioxide. The detector reads the amount not absorbed by either the CO2 or the filter. The measured difference tells how many carbon dioxide molecules are in the air.
Chemical Co2 Sensors
The second type of carbon dioxide sensor is a chemical Co2 sensor. It uses as many as three electrodes and an electrolyte. The carbon dioxide passes through the chemical sensor to produce a measurable electrochemical reaction. One of the popular options in this category is the nanotechnology based chemical sensor. It is portable, and provides high sensitivity and low cost and power needs. Chemical Co2 sensors are valuable in space applications.
Calibrating a Co2 Sensor
Carbon dioxide sensors that measure air quality may need calibration to ensure accurate results. This requires using either outdoor air or a calibration gas. When calibrating with outside air, users must place the device away from objects that release carbon dioxide, such as running vehicles and heavy vegetation. Once the device has been calibrated, it is ready to use.
Top Brands of Co2 Sensors
Several manufacturers make CO2 sensors for various applications. Honeywell is renowned for HVAC sensors that ensure the correct quality of air for air conditioners and ventilation systems. They sell wall-mounted sensors that connect to the HVAC system. These infrared systems measure the air in a duct or an open area.
GE manufactures Co2 sensors for use in residential and industrial applications. They work with HVAC systems, and measure refrigerant in automobiles and commercial refrigeration systems. This company provides a range of products with many of them being self-calibrated. They are often wall-mounted with easy wiring installation. Buyers have the option to choose a water-resistant product for use in specific projects.
Extech makes desktop air quality sensors with NDIR technology. Some items come with warning alerts to let users know when the quality of air is insufficient and carbon dioxide levels are too high. Some of these products calibrate themselves and require almost no maintenance to ensure accurate results.
NASA’s Tiny Methane Gas Sensor Designed For Mars Will Go to Work on Earth
A tiny methane gas sensor has been developed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, equipped
with a laser spectrometer, originally designed for gas testing on Mars.
However, the sensor is small enough that it can easily be fitted to a drone, where it could then be used to sniff out methane leaks around the world.
Capable of sniffing out a few parts per billion, NASA’s tiny methane gas sensor is about to be flying over gas pipelines on Earth by way of a drone, where it will help detect methane leaks for the natural gas industry.
If it never makes it to Mars, at least NASA’s mini methane gas sensor will find plenty of work at home.
However, the sensor is small enough that it can easily be fitted to a drone, where it could then be used to sniff out methane leaks around the world.
Capable of sniffing out a few parts per billion, NASA’s tiny methane gas sensor is about to be flying over gas pipelines on Earth by way of a drone, where it will help detect methane leaks for the natural gas industry.
If it never makes it to Mars, at least NASA’s mini methane gas sensor will find plenty of work at home.
2016年6月21日星期二
Showcase of world's first self-powered CO2 sensor at ISH 2011
Gas Sensing Solutions (GSS) will showcase the world's lowest power CO2 gas sensor enabled by revolutionary EnOcean self-powered wireless
technology at ISH 2011 - the leading international trade fair for
innovative bathroom design, energy efficient heating and
air-conditioning technology and renewable energies - taking place in
Frankfurt, 15-19 March.
Scottish-based GSS recently joined the EnOcean Alliance as a member and will demonstrate its innovative COZIR sensor product to the building services industry for the first time on the Alliance Booth (D10, Hall 10.2). Since becoming a member, GSS has been working closely with the EnOcean Alliance and its other member companies to integrate the EnOcean Standard in its product portfolio.
Enabled by EnOcean self-powered wireless technology, the COZIR CO2 sensor works entirely without batteries and is absolutely maintenance-free. It also has very low power consumption and a fast warm-up time of less than two seconds, making it ideal for applications such as Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) monitoring, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, Horticultural and Building Control. COZIR utilises EnOcean's energy harvesting technology in which the sensor draws ambient energy from motion, light or temperature differences in its surroundings.
Using available room light to power the CO2 sensor, three readings are taken every 10 minutes and the values are sent wirelessly to a receiver, which sets an alarm to open a ventilation system, for example. When no room light is available the sensor operates on stored energy in energy storage mode, taking fewer measurements or only sending signals when critical values are measured. In this way EnOcean-enabled devices can work fully autonomously, at low cost.
The COZIR CO2 sensor incorporates a non-dispersive infra-red (NDIR) configuration based on GSS patented technology, combined with low loss compact injection moulded optics and low noise electronics. It consumes only 3.3mW in continuous operation, with two CO2 measurements per second, which is typically 50 times lower power than standard NDIR sensors. The sensor is available in three ranges: 0 to 2000ppm, 0-1 percent or 0-2 percent.
The COZIR low power consumption sensor offers many benefits compared to conventional NDIR CO2 gas sensors. Key product features include: Average current is less than 1.1mA Operating voltage 3.3V Short warm up time ( < 2secs) Power consumption = 3.3mW (continuous operation) Compatibility with EnOcean Standard wireless communications
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Scottish-based GSS recently joined the EnOcean Alliance as a member and will demonstrate its innovative COZIR sensor product to the building services industry for the first time on the Alliance Booth (D10, Hall 10.2). Since becoming a member, GSS has been working closely with the EnOcean Alliance and its other member companies to integrate the EnOcean Standard in its product portfolio.
Enabled by EnOcean self-powered wireless technology, the COZIR CO2 sensor works entirely without batteries and is absolutely maintenance-free. It also has very low power consumption and a fast warm-up time of less than two seconds, making it ideal for applications such as Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) monitoring, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, Horticultural and Building Control. COZIR utilises EnOcean's energy harvesting technology in which the sensor draws ambient energy from motion, light or temperature differences in its surroundings.
Using available room light to power the CO2 sensor, three readings are taken every 10 minutes and the values are sent wirelessly to a receiver, which sets an alarm to open a ventilation system, for example. When no room light is available the sensor operates on stored energy in energy storage mode, taking fewer measurements or only sending signals when critical values are measured. In this way EnOcean-enabled devices can work fully autonomously, at low cost.
The COZIR CO2 sensor incorporates a non-dispersive infra-red (NDIR) configuration based on GSS patented technology, combined with low loss compact injection moulded optics and low noise electronics. It consumes only 3.3mW in continuous operation, with two CO2 measurements per second, which is typically 50 times lower power than standard NDIR sensors. The sensor is available in three ranges: 0 to 2000ppm, 0-1 percent or 0-2 percent.
The COZIR low power consumption sensor offers many benefits compared to conventional NDIR CO2 gas sensors. Key product features include: Average current is less than 1.1mA Operating voltage 3.3V Short warm up time ( < 2secs) Power consumption = 3.3mW (continuous operation) Compatibility with EnOcean Standard wireless communications
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2016年6月18日星期六
A CO2 sensor operating under high humidity
The development of a CO2 sensor capable of
operating in a highly humid atmosphere is desirable in order to preserve a
clean environment in an airtight room, to apply to medical equipment such as a
metabolic breathing system, etc.
The CO2 sensor proposed here can monitor the CO2
concentration, which equilibrates with water vapor, permitting the detection of
CO2 under high humidity. The sensing material was a composite film
consisting of base-type poly(anthranilic acid) (PANA) and poly(vinyl alcohol)
(PVA). The ac impedance was enhanced with increasing CO2
concentration in a frequency region above 100 Hz.
A log–log plot of impedance versus CO2
concentration obtained at the frequency of 100 kHz showed a good linear
relationship in the concentration range between 3×102 and 1.5×105
ppm under as high a relative humidity as 80%. The response curve of the
composite film to CO2 concentration was not affected by the presence
of NH3 and HCl in the concentration regions below 1000 and 10 ppm,
respectively. Furthermore, no effect of coexisting gases such as O2
and N2O was observed at all for the linear relationship of the
log–log plot of dc resistance versus CO2 concentration.
2016年6月16日星期四
Four Signs That Show Your Co2 Sensor Needs Changing
We all know
that sometimes we will need to change our tyres, brakes, oil, and many other
parts of our cars at some point but you not know that even our Co2 sensor will
require changing out from time to time as well. All modern cars will have a Co2
sensor that is comprised of a Co2 sensor module which are developed by leading
manufacturers. These sensors help the engines in our cars run more efficiently
and also to help our engines produce fewer emissions.
An Co2 sensor
is responsible for sensing how much oxygen is being used when the engine burns
gasoline. There has to be a perfect mix of air and gasoline for the engine and
car to function optimally and to omit fewer emissions.
So how do we
know when our Co2 sensors are starting to let us and our cars down? Follow the
four tips below that show you just when it might be time to replace your
sensor. The sensor might not be to blame all of the time but if you experience
the following issues, taking a look at your Co2 sensor would be a good idea.
If you notice
that you are suddenly getting a lot less fuel mileage than usual, there is a
good chance that this is because of a faulty Co2 sensor that is allowing the
air-fuel mixture in the engine to become too rich.
If the engine
light on your dashboard starts flashing, there is a very good chance that this
could be down to a faulty Co2 sensor. There are of course other reasons as to
why the light starts to flash but it is always worth checking the sensor to see
if this might be the reason.
If your car
fails to pass a smog test then there is a 50/50 chance that this is down to the
Co2 sensor. In fact, around 50% of cars that fail smog tests are found to have
faulty sensors.
Even the cars
poor performance can be attributed to a faulty C02 sensor. Constant stalling,
random hesitation when accelerating and rough idling can all be put down to a
bad sensor in certain circumstances.
If you
experience any of the problems above then you might just discover that the Co2
sensor is to blame. All sensors will need replacing at some point anyway, as
with most other components in a car. These types of components will each have
their own certain lifespan and will suffer from wear and tear just like
anything else.
However, you
can increase the lifespan of Co2 sensors by purchasing them from leading
manufacturers that are renowned for the durability and quality of their
products.
2016年6月15日星期三
Measure CO2 levels reliably with CO2 sensors
When lots of people share a room, the air can get stale. This is mostly
caused by exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2). The results are: Reduction in
well-being, concentration and performance.
Theben CO2 sensors monitor CO2 levels in schools and classrooms, in offices and meeting rooms or in passive and low-energy buildings. CO2 sensors thereby make a decisive contribution to indoor air quality.
This site contains comprehensive information on CO2 levels in indoor air and their effects as well as needs-driven and energy-efficient ventilation control using CO2 sensors.
Background: Increased CO2 levels and their consequences
We all know about badly ventilated houses, stuffy classrooms and meeting rooms. In addition to humidity and temperature, this is mainly due to exhaled carbon dioxide. An odourless and tasteless gas that is only detected by human beings due to its negative characteristics: feeling unwell, lack of concentration and deterioration in performance.
Human beings absorb oxygen from the air when they inhale and release carbon dioxide into the air when they exhale. Inhaled air contains 21% oxygen and 0.035% carbon dioxide. In contrast, exhaled air contains just 16% oxygen and 4% carbon dioxide. While carbon dioxide is only harmful to human beings at concentrations of 2.5% and above, performance levels, concentration and well-being are adversely affected at a concentration of 0.08% (800 ppm).
After just a few minutes, carbon dioxide levels reach 5,000 to 6,000 ppm in enclosed spaces like classrooms, offices or meeting rooms where people often congregate and which are subject to restricted ventilation. Theben CO2 sensors measure CO2 levels reliably. The measured values serve as an indicator for the ventilation control to increase the intake of fresh air.
Excursus: Max von Pettenkofer makes room air quality measurable
Max von Pettenkofer (3. December 1818 to 10. February 1901) was a professor of medical chemistry at the Ludwwig Maximilian University Munich and the first German professor of hygiene from 1865. With his studies on carbon dioxide levels 140 years ago, he laid the foundation for our current regulations relating to air quality (DIN-1946-2). This standard sets an upper CO2 limit of 1,500 ppm. That means there should only be 1,500 CO2 molecules per million air particles.
CO2 level
Caption: Typical CO2 levels (in ppm) and their affect on human beings.
1,000 ppm CO2 – the threshold for good indoor air quality
Really good indoor air quality does not exceed a threshold of 1,000 ppm CO2. Therefore, DIN 1946-6 requires an outdoor air flow of 30m3/h per person. A carbon dioxide level of 1,000 ppm CO2 is not achievable by occasional ventilation or opening windows given modern building standards and the thickness of the outer shells of buildings. It is often the case that windows in public buildings such as schools, classrooms or large offices cannot be opened: Good indoor air quality can only be guaranteed in such cases by using a ventilation system controlled by a CO2 sensor.
Application: CO2 sensors in schools, offices, passive and low-energy houses
Due to statutory provisions a needs-driven input of fresh air to modern buildings such as passive and low-energy houses is essential to avoid health risks and damage to buildings over the long term. This is where Theben CO2 sensors come into play: CO2 sensors measure the relative humidity in buildings as well as CO2 levels If set values are exceeded, CO2 sensors such as AMUN 716 KNX send a signal to the building automation system, e.g. KNX, and the ventilation system draws in more fresh air or opens windows automatically. Conventional control is also possible with Theben CO2 sensors such as AMUN 716 R: It directly controls the ventilation system.
Ventilation control: CO2 sensors for needs-driven ventilation control
Together with modern building systems technology such as KNX, CO2 sensors make an enormous contribution to saving energy. Ventilation is a matter of guesswork without CO2 sensors. And that's mostly too late or too much. Too much in this context means heat and heating costs are lost with the exchange of air. This is where Theben CO2 sensors come to the fore: The readings of the CO2 sensor show when, and for how long, ventilation is required. The ventilation system only introduces fresh air as long as it is actually required. In addition to the heating energy saved, speed-controlled ventilation via CO2 sensors also offers large potential savings with fans in ventilation systems. The output of a fan depends on the third power of its speed. A reduction in speed of 20% leads to the halving of electricity consumption.
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Theben CO2 sensors monitor CO2 levels in schools and classrooms, in offices and meeting rooms or in passive and low-energy buildings. CO2 sensors thereby make a decisive contribution to indoor air quality.
This site contains comprehensive information on CO2 levels in indoor air and their effects as well as needs-driven and energy-efficient ventilation control using CO2 sensors.
Background: Increased CO2 levels and their consequences
We all know about badly ventilated houses, stuffy classrooms and meeting rooms. In addition to humidity and temperature, this is mainly due to exhaled carbon dioxide. An odourless and tasteless gas that is only detected by human beings due to its negative characteristics: feeling unwell, lack of concentration and deterioration in performance.
Human beings absorb oxygen from the air when they inhale and release carbon dioxide into the air when they exhale. Inhaled air contains 21% oxygen and 0.035% carbon dioxide. In contrast, exhaled air contains just 16% oxygen and 4% carbon dioxide. While carbon dioxide is only harmful to human beings at concentrations of 2.5% and above, performance levels, concentration and well-being are adversely affected at a concentration of 0.08% (800 ppm).
After just a few minutes, carbon dioxide levels reach 5,000 to 6,000 ppm in enclosed spaces like classrooms, offices or meeting rooms where people often congregate and which are subject to restricted ventilation. Theben CO2 sensors measure CO2 levels reliably. The measured values serve as an indicator for the ventilation control to increase the intake of fresh air.
Excursus: Max von Pettenkofer makes room air quality measurable
Max von Pettenkofer (3. December 1818 to 10. February 1901) was a professor of medical chemistry at the Ludwwig Maximilian University Munich and the first German professor of hygiene from 1865. With his studies on carbon dioxide levels 140 years ago, he laid the foundation for our current regulations relating to air quality (DIN-1946-2). This standard sets an upper CO2 limit of 1,500 ppm. That means there should only be 1,500 CO2 molecules per million air particles.
CO2 level
Caption: Typical CO2 levels (in ppm) and their affect on human beings.
1,000 ppm CO2 – the threshold for good indoor air quality
Really good indoor air quality does not exceed a threshold of 1,000 ppm CO2. Therefore, DIN 1946-6 requires an outdoor air flow of 30m3/h per person. A carbon dioxide level of 1,000 ppm CO2 is not achievable by occasional ventilation or opening windows given modern building standards and the thickness of the outer shells of buildings. It is often the case that windows in public buildings such as schools, classrooms or large offices cannot be opened: Good indoor air quality can only be guaranteed in such cases by using a ventilation system controlled by a CO2 sensor.
Application: CO2 sensors in schools, offices, passive and low-energy houses
Due to statutory provisions a needs-driven input of fresh air to modern buildings such as passive and low-energy houses is essential to avoid health risks and damage to buildings over the long term. This is where Theben CO2 sensors come into play: CO2 sensors measure the relative humidity in buildings as well as CO2 levels If set values are exceeded, CO2 sensors such as AMUN 716 KNX send a signal to the building automation system, e.g. KNX, and the ventilation system draws in more fresh air or opens windows automatically. Conventional control is also possible with Theben CO2 sensors such as AMUN 716 R: It directly controls the ventilation system.
Ventilation control: CO2 sensors for needs-driven ventilation control
Together with modern building systems technology such as KNX, CO2 sensors make an enormous contribution to saving energy. Ventilation is a matter of guesswork without CO2 sensors. And that's mostly too late or too much. Too much in this context means heat and heating costs are lost with the exchange of air. This is where Theben CO2 sensors come to the fore: The readings of the CO2 sensor show when, and for how long, ventilation is required. The ventilation system only introduces fresh air as long as it is actually required. In addition to the heating energy saved, speed-controlled ventilation via CO2 sensors also offers large potential savings with fans in ventilation systems. The output of a fan depends on the third power of its speed. A reduction in speed of 20% leads to the halving of electricity consumption.
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2016年6月8日星期三
A Chemical CO2 Sensor Monitoring CO2 Movement Under Reservoir Conditions
A downhole CO2 sensor can continuously collect real-time data about CO2
movement and concentration changes at subsurface conditions. These data
are very valuable for better understanding of subsurface uncertainties
and quality-controlling theoretical studies such as reaction, transport,
and mechanics in oil and gas formations. This paper describes the
development of a downhole CO2 sensor tested under high pressure and
reservoir conditions to monitor aqueous CO2 concentration change.
The CO2 sensor developed is a Severinghaus-type sensor, which includes a metal-oxide electrode, a gas-permeable membrane, a porous steel cup, and a bicarbonate-based internal electrolyte solution. The CO2 sensor thus prepared 0.7 in. in diameter and 1.5 in long. A linear correlation was observed between a change in sensor output potential and dissolved CO2 in water under 1,000 psi pressure. CO2/brine coreflooding tests were performed to simulate the CO2 storage process and the sensor was deployed to monitor CO2 movement. The results indicated that the CO2 sensor could monitor CO2 movement in-situ in CO2 storage processes.
Introduction
Geologic sequestration of CO2 involves putting CO2 into long-term storage in geologic zones at subsurface conditions. Such sites as deep saline aquifers and unmined coal seams onshore, and depleted oil or gas formations both onshore and offshore have been recommended for further serious consideration. Thus far, in various regions of the world (Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, North Sea, Chinese East sea, and the Atlantic Ocean), a large part of research studies and pilot projects have looked at the feasibility of geological sequestration of CO2. The first commercial project occurred in Norway in 1996, in which CO2 was captured from natural gas streams and around 1 million tons of CO2 per year were into the Utsira formation and to provide insight into CO2 migration. All these pilot studies, located in Kansas, Virginia, West Virginia and Canada, are either under consideration or have been initiated.
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The CO2 sensor developed is a Severinghaus-type sensor, which includes a metal-oxide electrode, a gas-permeable membrane, a porous steel cup, and a bicarbonate-based internal electrolyte solution. The CO2 sensor thus prepared 0.7 in. in diameter and 1.5 in long. A linear correlation was observed between a change in sensor output potential and dissolved CO2 in water under 1,000 psi pressure. CO2/brine coreflooding tests were performed to simulate the CO2 storage process and the sensor was deployed to monitor CO2 movement. The results indicated that the CO2 sensor could monitor CO2 movement in-situ in CO2 storage processes.
Introduction
Geologic sequestration of CO2 involves putting CO2 into long-term storage in geologic zones at subsurface conditions. Such sites as deep saline aquifers and unmined coal seams onshore, and depleted oil or gas formations both onshore and offshore have been recommended for further serious consideration. Thus far, in various regions of the world (Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, North Sea, Chinese East sea, and the Atlantic Ocean), a large part of research studies and pilot projects have looked at the feasibility of geological sequestration of CO2. The first commercial project occurred in Norway in 1996, in which CO2 was captured from natural gas streams and around 1 million tons of CO2 per year were into the Utsira formation and to provide insight into CO2 migration. All these pilot studies, located in Kansas, Virginia, West Virginia and Canada, are either under consideration or have been initiated.
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2016年6月2日星期四
Mixed Oxide Capacitor of CuO—BaTiO3 as a New Type CO2 Gas Sensor
An oxide capacitor consisting of BaTiO3 and an oxide is studied as a new
type CO2 gas sensor based on capacitance change. Sensitivity to CO2, as
well as the optimum operating temperature, was strongly dependent on the
particular oxide mixed with BaTiO3.
Among the elements investigated in this study, CuO–BaTiO3 exhibited the highest sensitivity to CO2. In particular, the CuO–BaTiO3 mixed oxide at the equimolar composition is highly sensitive to CO2. The optimum operating temperature and frequency for CuO–BaTiO3 are 729 K and 100 Hz, respectively, and the 80% response time to 2% CO2 is within 25 s. The equimolar mixture of CuO and BaTiO3 can measure the CO2 concentration from 100 to 60 000 ppm. Carbonation of oxide seems to play a key role for the detection of CO2 on these mixed oxide capacitors.
The optimum operating temperature of these mixed oxide capacitors for CO2 detection, therefore, correlates with the decomposition temperature of the carbonate corresponding to the oxide mixed with BaTiO3. The capacitance increase of CuO–BaTiO3 upon exposure to CO2 seems to result from the elevated height of the potential barrier at the grain boundary between CuO and BaTiO3. Carbonation of CuO in the element seems to bring about the elevation in the height of the potential barrier.
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Among the elements investigated in this study, CuO–BaTiO3 exhibited the highest sensitivity to CO2. In particular, the CuO–BaTiO3 mixed oxide at the equimolar composition is highly sensitive to CO2. The optimum operating temperature and frequency for CuO–BaTiO3 are 729 K and 100 Hz, respectively, and the 80% response time to 2% CO2 is within 25 s. The equimolar mixture of CuO and BaTiO3 can measure the CO2 concentration from 100 to 60 000 ppm. Carbonation of oxide seems to play a key role for the detection of CO2 on these mixed oxide capacitors.
The optimum operating temperature of these mixed oxide capacitors for CO2 detection, therefore, correlates with the decomposition temperature of the carbonate corresponding to the oxide mixed with BaTiO3. The capacitance increase of CuO–BaTiO3 upon exposure to CO2 seems to result from the elevated height of the potential barrier at the grain boundary between CuO and BaTiO3. Carbonation of CuO in the element seems to bring about the elevation in the height of the potential barrier.
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2016年6月1日星期三
New Optical CO2 Sensor Using ATR Technology from Anton Paar
Carbo 520 Optical from Anton Paar is an inline CO2 sensor that is easily
installed directly inline and in constant contact with the processed
sample. Carbo 520 Optical measures CO2 concentration based on the
spectroscopic approach of Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR), so the only
“motion” in the system is the passing of infrared light through a
crystal. Since the sensor has no moving or mechanical parts, there is no
wear and tear and no disposables are required.
Benefits of the Carbo 520 Optical include:
Minimize your operating costs
• Requires 10 W or less
• Needs no external purging gas or compressed air
• No consumables required
Selective and reliable
• Selective CO2 measurement
• Not influenced by other gases (such as nitrogen, oxygen)
• Color and turbidity are irrelevant to the measurement results
Measure all beverages with a single setup
• Sugar composition or solubility have no influence
• Same measurement method for all kinds of beverages like colas, beers, wines etc.
Fast results anytime anywhere
• Every four seconds
• Full connectivity by fieldbus communication (PROFIBUS, ModBus TCP, PROFINET, EtherNet/IP)
• Classic analog outputs (4-20 mA) and digital-IOs available
Carbo 520 Optical from Anton Paar is a truly “fit-and-forget” system that provides linear, drift-free CO2 readings over the entire measurement range from 0 g/L to 12 g/L– and gives way to a new kind of certainty in CO2 monitoring throughout the beverage production process.
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
Benefits of the Carbo 520 Optical include:
Minimize your operating costs
• Requires 10 W or less
• Needs no external purging gas or compressed air
• No consumables required
Selective and reliable
• Selective CO2 measurement
• Not influenced by other gases (such as nitrogen, oxygen)
• Color and turbidity are irrelevant to the measurement results
Measure all beverages with a single setup
• Sugar composition or solubility have no influence
• Same measurement method for all kinds of beverages like colas, beers, wines etc.
Fast results anytime anywhere
• Every four seconds
• Full connectivity by fieldbus communication (PROFIBUS, ModBus TCP, PROFINET, EtherNet/IP)
• Classic analog outputs (4-20 mA) and digital-IOs available
Carbo 520 Optical from Anton Paar is a truly “fit-and-forget” system that provides linear, drift-free CO2 readings over the entire measurement range from 0 g/L to 12 g/L– and gives way to a new kind of certainty in CO2 monitoring throughout the beverage production process.
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
2016年5月30日星期一
TRPAI is a Co2 Sensor in Nociceptors
In humans, high concentrations of CO2 sensor, as found in
carbonated beverages, evoke a mixture of sensations that include a stinging or
pungent quality.
The stinging sensation is thought to originate with the
activation of nociceptors, which innervate the respiratory, nasal, and oral
epithelia. The molecular basis for this sensation is unknown.
Here we show that CO2 specifically activates a subpopulation
of trigeminal neurons that express TRPA1, a mustard oil- and cinnamaldehyde-sensitive
channel, and that these responses are dependent on a functional TRPA1 gene.
2016年5月25日星期三
A practical capacitive type CO2 sensor using CeO2/BaCO3/CuO ceramics
A practical capacitive type CO2 sensor composed of CeO2/BaCO3/CuO mixed
oxides has been developed for the IAQ (indoor air quality) monitoring
system. Sensing detectors were fabricated as follows. The pressed
pellets of CeO2/BaCO3/CuO mixed oxides were sintered at 800–900°C for 5
h, then RuO2 electrode was formed on both sides of the pellets.
In order to study CO2 sensing characteristics, the capacitance of detector was measured at 550°C with an LCR meter. The sensitivity of Cat2%CO2/Cin-air was measured to be −2.5 dB. They showed good stability in CO2 sensitivity at 85°C and 90% RH test for 1500 h. The sensor unit with an oscillation circuit using this detector was developed, and its monitoring characteristics were studied.
It was shown that the sensitivity change was negligible between 0% RH and 60% RH at 30°C. The measurement error of CO2 sensor was within 200 ppm in the humidity range of 40–90% RH, and within 30 ppm/°C in the temperature range of 5–50°C. A CO2 concentration profile monitored in an office by the developed sensor unit showed good agreement with that monitored by an NDIR type sensor.
These results suggest that the developed CO2 sensor unit may be applicable to indoor quality monitoring systems. The alumina substrate, which integrates the sensing detector of 1.6∗1.2∗0.5 mm3 and the printed-film heater, is small (3.6∗2.8∗0.4mm3) and need no damp proofing, so that small size and low cost of the sensor can be easily attained.
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
In order to study CO2 sensing characteristics, the capacitance of detector was measured at 550°C with an LCR meter. The sensitivity of Cat2%CO2/Cin-air was measured to be −2.5 dB. They showed good stability in CO2 sensitivity at 85°C and 90% RH test for 1500 h. The sensor unit with an oscillation circuit using this detector was developed, and its monitoring characteristics were studied.
It was shown that the sensitivity change was negligible between 0% RH and 60% RH at 30°C. The measurement error of CO2 sensor was within 200 ppm in the humidity range of 40–90% RH, and within 30 ppm/°C in the temperature range of 5–50°C. A CO2 concentration profile monitored in an office by the developed sensor unit showed good agreement with that monitored by an NDIR type sensor.
These results suggest that the developed CO2 sensor unit may be applicable to indoor quality monitoring systems. The alumina substrate, which integrates the sensing detector of 1.6∗1.2∗0.5 mm3 and the printed-film heater, is small (3.6∗2.8∗0.4mm3) and need no damp proofing, so that small size and low cost of the sensor can be easily attained.
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
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