2016年5月31日星期二

LG G3 has Barometer sensor!

Everywhere I read, I don't see any site listed LG G3 with barometer build in except a few comments in XDA stated it does have it. So I downloaded a Barometer app and sure it does display it! I have the D855 rooted w V10L.

To check for the reading if it's getting info from GPS location based data or using a real barometer sensor (found the info from another site somewhere):

Put the G3 in a large Ziploc bag sealed with the Barometer app running and presses on the bag to see if the sensor moves then it's a real sensor not GPS. And yes the sensor moves with the increasing pressure in the bag.

Okay, to make the test more convincing, I also have a brand new Sony Z3 Compact which has barometer listed in the spec and did the same thing in the bag along side the G3 and it's showing the same reading as I press on the bag.

So, unless I am not doing it right, I think LG or someone else never disclosed the barometer sensor being build-in in the spec sheet. Now this makes the G3 even cooler than it was before.

This is an easy test. Give it a try. Unless like the FM radio which is disabled for US version but not international version, maybe it is included in the D850 and D851? What is your take on this?


Electrochemical gas sensor using a novel gas permeable electrode modified by ion implantation

It is important to develop a reliable gas sensor for the detection of H2 that is expected for clean energy. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane is a chemically stable substance and has high gas permeability without permeation of aqueous electrolytes.

A study has been made of ion implantation of various kinds of ions into ePTFE membranes with fluenses of 1 × 1013, 1 × 1014, 1 × 1015, and 5 × 1015 ions/cm2. After Au ion plating to ion-implanted ePTFE, we produced the electrochemical H2 gas sensor using the gas permeable electrode.

The electrochemical gas sensor using a gas permeable electrode modified by ion implantation showed a good sensitivity and selectivity for H2 detection. Especially the sensor used N+-, N2+-, O+-, and O2+- implanted ePTFE membrane with fluences of above 1 × 1015 ions/cm2 showed significant effect, which was more than 20 times higher than that of control.

Morphology change of ePTFE by ion implantation was examined by SEM and chemical bonding structure of the irradiated ePTFE surface was analyzed by FT-IR–ATR spectroscopy. With ion-implanted ePTFE, internodal distance, density between the nodes, and C C bonds induced by ion implantation were major factors influencing the H2 detection current.

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A High-Precision NDIR Gas Sensor for Automotive Applications

A new high-precision spectroscopic NDIR gas sensor measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) for harsh environmental conditions of automotive applications is presented. The carbon dioxide concentration is the primary parameter for sensing in cabin air quality, as well as an important safety parameter when R744 (carbon dioxide) is used as the refrigerant in the air conditioning system.

The automotive environment challenges the potential sensor principles because of the wide temperature range from -40degC to +85degC, the atmospheric pressure from 700 to 1050 mbar, and relative humidity from 0% to 95%. The presented sensor system is based on the nondispersive infrared principle with new features for reaching high precision criteria and for enhancing long-term stability.

A second IR source is used for internal recalibration of the primary IR source, redundancy purposes, and software plausibility checks. The CO2 sensor system achieves an accuracy of better than plusmn5.5% over the whole temperature, pressure, and humidity ranges, with a resolution below 15 ppm and a response time shorter than 5 s. The operating time of the sensor system is more than 6000 h over a corresponding lifetime of more than 15 years. Experimental results show outstanding results for the intended automotive applications

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Selectivity in semiconductor gas sensors

Various techniques for selectivity in semiconductor gas sensors, emphasizing powder-based sensors, are reviewed. The use of catalysts and promoters is emphasized, although other techniques such as the use of ‘filters’ are described.

Because our understanding of how catalysts and promoters provided selectivity in gas sensors is so poor, a superficial review of the models of catalysis is presented to act as a basis for the discussion of catalysts in sensing. We review the reasons why spillover or Fermi energy control must occur for catalysis to be effective on sensors.

We emphasize the different objectives for catalyst behavior in normal heterogeneous catalysis from those in gas sensing. It is concluded from these arguments that a high catalyst dispersion is required in gas sensors, that partial oxidation catalyst may be counter-productive for catalysts designed for gas sensing.


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2016年5月30日星期一

TRPAI is a Co2 Sensor in Nociceptors

In humans, high concentrations of CO2 sensor, as found in carbonated beverages, evoke a mixture of sensations that include a stinging or pungent quality.

The stinging sensation is thought to originate with the activation of nociceptors, which innervate the respiratory, nasal, and oral epithelia. The molecular basis for this sensation is unknown.

Here we show that CO2 specifically activates a subpopulation of trigeminal neurons that express TRPA1, a mustard oil- and cinnamaldehyde-sensitive channel, and that these responses are dependent on a functional TRPA1 gene.


Optical oxygen sensor devices using metalloporphyrins

Oxygen-monitoring techniques are applied to various fields, such as chemicals, deep sea environment, fluid dynamics, clinical analysis and environmental monitoring. 

Recently, a variety of devices and sensors based on phosphorescence or photoexcited state quenching of porphyrin molecules have been developed to measure oxygen concentration on the solid surface. Many optical oxygen sensors are composed of porphyrins (platinum(II), palladium(II), zinc(II), metal-free, etc.) dispersed in oxygen-permeable polymer film or directly immobilized onto solid surface via chemical or physical adsorption. 

Oxygen-sensing systems are classified into four types:
(1) phosphorescence intensity change, 
(2) phosphorescence lifetime change,
(3) change of lifetime of photoexcited triplet state, and 
(4) intensity change of absorption of photoexcited triplet state. In this review, the properties of various optical oxygen-sensing devices using porphyrins and sensing system are introduced.



What is a Humidity / Dew Sensor?

A humidity sensor (or hygrometer) senses, measures and reports the relative humidity in the air. It therefore measures both moisture and air temperature. Relative humidity is the ratio of actual moisture in the air to the highest amount of moisture that can be held at that air temperature. The warmer the air temperature is, the more moisture it can hold. Humidity / dew sensors use capacitive measurement, which relies on electrical capacitance. Electrical capacity is the ability of two nearby electrical conductors to create an electrical field between them. The sensor is composed of two metal plates and contains a non-conductive polymer film between them. This film collects moisture from the air, which causes the voltage between the two plates to change. These voltage changes are converted into digital readings showing the level of moisture in the air.

Types of Humidity / Dew Sensors
There are many different kinds of humidity / dew sensors and at Future Electronics we stock many of the most common types categorized by accuracy, operating temperature range, humidity range, supply voltage, packaging type and supply current. The parametric filters on our website can help refine your search results depending on the required specifications.
The most common sizes for supply voltage are 3 to 5.5 V and 4.75 to 5.25 V. We also carry humidity / dew sensors with supply voltage as high as 15 V. Supply current can be between 100 µA and 15 mA, with the most common humidity / dew sensor chips using a supply current of 100 µA, 500 µA and 2.8 to 4 mA.

Humidity / Dew Sensors from Future Electronics
Future Electronics has a full chip selection of humidity / dew sensors from several manufacturers that can be used to design a relative humidity sensor, temperature and humidity monitor, moisture sensor, humidity sensor IC (integrated circuit), humidity sensor switch, digital home humidity sensor, wireless humidity sensor, digital humidity meter, soil moisture sensor, dew point sensor, remote humidity sensor or for any other application that needs humidity measurement. Simply choose from the humidity / dew sensor technical attributes below and your search results will quickly be narrowed to match your specific humidity / dew sensor application needs.

If you have a preferred brand, we deal with Digi International, GE Measurement & Control, Measurement Specialties or Vishay as manufacturers. You can easily refine your humidity / dew sensor product search results by clicking your preferred humidity / dew sensor brand below from our list of manufacturers.

Applications for Humidity / Dew Sensors:

Humidity sensors can be used as a monitoring and preventive measure in homes for people with illnesses that are affected by humidity. They are also found as part of home heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems (HVAC systems). They can also be found in offices, cars, humidors, museums, industrial spaces and greenhouses and can be used in meteorology stations to report and predict weather. Dew sensors are used in the coating industry because the application of paint and other coatings may be extremely sensitive to dew point.

Choosing the Right Humidity / Dew Sensor:

When you are looking for the right humidity / dew sensors, with the FutureElectronics.com parametric search, you can filter the results by various attributes: by Accuracy (±5 %RH, ±3 %RH, ±2 %RH,…), Supply Current (100 µA, 500 µA , 2.8 to 4 mA,…) and Supply Voltage (up to 15 V) to name a few. You will be able to find the right semiconductor chip from several manufacturers that can be used to design a temperature and humidity monitor, moisture sensor, relative humidity sensor, humidity sensor IC (integrated circuit), wireless humidity sensor, digital humidity meter, humidity sensor switch, digital home humidity sensor, soil moisture sensor, remote humidity sensor, dew point sensor or for any other application that might need humidity or dew measurement.

Humidity / Dew Sensors in Production Ready Packaging or R&D Quantities
If the quantity of humidity / dew sensors required is less than a full reel, we offer customers many of our humidity / dew sensor products in tube, tray or individual quantities that will avoid unneeded surplus.

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Samsung Galaxy Note 4 UV sensor - functions and backgrounds

 The Samsung Galaxy Note 4 has a First Smartphone known as a UV sensor. UV stands for ultraviolet and just because you might wonder why so this sensor is installed in the new Samsung Galaxy Note. 4 Precisely for this reason we would like to explain in more detail in this article, what is going on with the UV sensor of the new Samsung Galaxy Note 4 to be.

The UV sensor of the Samsung Galaxy Note 4 to the ultraviolet radiation, which emanates from the sun, and then register in the app S-Health Show on a scale of 1-5. UV light is largely responsible for how strong our skin is damaged. UV light is responsible for tanning our skin and also for sunburn. Depending on how strong the UV index is, the more our skin is affected by the UV light of the sun.

The Samsung Galaxy Note 4 to make the UV light transparent with the integrated UV sensor. Thus Samsung wants to improve the portfolio of its app S-Health and the user help to take care of his health. The UV sensor of the Samsung Galaxy Note 4 is a nice idea, but how many times you will really use this sensor, is questionable. What are your experiences with the UV light sensor in the Samsung Galaxy Note 4?

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Research and Markets - Global Gas Sensors Market Value of USD 1.01 Billion by 2022

The gas sensors market is forecast to be worth USD 1.01 Billion by 2022.

Of all the major applications, the oil & gas and medical applications hold the major share of the gas sensors market. The consumer electronics application is expected to grow at the highest rate in the market during the forecast period, followed by the building automation application. Among the consumer electronic applications, the smartphones and tablets segment is the largest contributor to the overall market.

The growing adoption of smartphones users in the world has led to research and development of ntegration different types of sensors into smartphones. Gas sensor integrated in smartphones would help in detection of gases for air quality applications which would basically drive the gas sensor market in near future.

The increasing demand for reliable, high-performance, and low-cost gas sensors has led to the development of new technologies such as the micro and nanotechnology, which provide the benefits of miniaturization, low power consumption, and mass production among others. The printed gas sensor is one of the latest trends prevailing in the industry which is expected to have high growth potential during the forecast period. The gas sensor market is expected to face significant challenges over the next six to eight years period as it would witness the evolution of these technologies.

Companies Mentioned:
• AMS AG
• Alphasense
• Amphenol Advanced Sensors
• Bosch Sensortec GmbH
• Cambridge CMOS Sensor
• City Technology Ltd.
• Dynament Ltd.
• Figaro Engineering Inc.
• MSA
• Membrapor AG.
• Senseair AB
• Sensirion AG

Report Structure:
1 Introduction
2 Research Methodology
3 Executive Summary
4 Premium Insights
5 Market Overview
6 Industry Trends
7 Gas Sensors Market, By Technology
8 Gas Sensor Market, By Gas Type
9 Gas Sensor Market, By End-Use Application
10 Gas Sensor Market, By Geography
11 Competitive Landscape
12 Company Profiles
13 Appendix


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2016年5月27日星期五

What are the symptons of a malfunctioning mass airflow sensor?

An engine with a bad Mass flow sensor may be hard to start or stall after starting. It may hesitate under load, surge, idle rough or run excessively rich or lean. The engine may also hiccup when the throttle suddenly changes position.
 
If you suspect a Mass flow sensor problem, scan for any fault codes. A Mass flow sensor problem should (but does not always) set a fault code. Codes that may indicate a problem with the sensor include: GM: Code 33 (too high frequency) and Code 34 (too low frequency) on engines with multiport fuel injection only, and Code 36 on 5.0L and 5.7L engines that use the Bosch hot-wire Mass flow sensor, if the burn-off cycle after shut-down fails to occur.

Of course, don’t overlook the basics, such as low engine compression, low vacuum, low fuel pressure, leaky or dirty injectors, ignition misfire, excessive backpressure (plugged converter), etc., since problems in any of these areas can produce similar driveability symptoms.

Mass flow sensors can be tested either on or off the vehicle in a variety of ways. You can use a Mass flow Sensor Tester and tachometer to check the sensor’s response. If testing on the vehicle, unplug the wiring harness connector from the sensor and connect the tester and tachometer. Start the engine and watch the readings. They should change as the throttle is opened and closed. No change would indicate a bad sensor. The same hookup can be used to test the Mass flow sensor off the vehicle. When you blow through the sensor, the readings should change if the sensor is detecting the change in air flow.Another check is to read the sensor’s voltage or frequency output on the vehicle. With Bosch hot-wire Mass flow sensors, the output voltage can be read directly with a digital voltmeter by backprobing the brown-andwhite output wire to terminal B6 on the PCM. The voltage reading should be around 2.5 volts. If out of range, or if the sensor’s voltage output fails to increase when the throttle is opened with the engine running, the sensor may be defective. Check the orange and black feed wire for 12 volts, and the black wire for a good ground. Power to the Mass flow sensor is provided through a pair of relays (one for power, one for the burn-off cleaning cycle), so check the relays too, if the Mass flow sensor appears to be dead or sluggish. If the sensor works but is slow to respond to changes in air flow, the problem may be a contaminated sensing element caused by a failure in the self-cleaning circuit or relay. With GM Delco MAF sensors, attach a digital voltmeter to the appropriate MAF sensor output terminal.

With the engine idling, the sensor should output a steady 2.5 volts. Tap lightly on the sensor and note the meter reading. A good sensor should show no change. If the meter reading jumps and/or the engine momentarily misfires, the sensor is bad and needs to be replaced. You can also check for heat-related problems by heating the sensor with a hair dryer and repeating the test. This same test can also be done using a meter that reads frequency. The older AC Delco MAF sensors (like a 2.8L V6) should show a steady reading of 32 Hz at idle to about 75 Hz at 3,500 rpm. The later model units (like those on a 3800 V6 with the Hitachi MAF sensor) should read about 2.9 kHz at idle and 5.0 kHz at 3,500 rpm. If tapping on the MAF sensor produces a sudden change in the frequency signal, it’s time for a new sensor.

On GM hot-film MAFs, you can also use a scan tool to read the sensor’s output in “grams per second” (gps), which corresponds to frequency. The reading should go from 4 to 8 gps at idle up to 100 to 240 gps at wide-open throttle. Like throttle position sensors, there should be smooth linear transition in sensor output as engine speed and load change. If the readings jump all over the place, the computer won’t be able to deliver the right air/fuel mixture and driveability and emissions will suffer. So you should also check the ensor’soutput at various speeds to see that its output hanges appropriately. Another way to observe the sensor’s output is to look at its waveform on an oscilloscope. The waveform should be square and show a gradual increase in frequency as engine speed and load increase. Any skips or sudden jumps or excessive noise in the pattern would tell you the sensor needs to be replaced. Yet another way to check the MAF sensor is to see what effect it has on injector timing. Using an oscilloscope or multimeter that reads milliseconds, connect the test probe to any injector ground terminal (one injector terminal is the supply voltage and the other is the ground circuit to the computer that controls injector timing). Then look at the duration of the injector pulses at idle (or while cranking the engine if the engine won’t
start). Injector timing varies depending on the application, but if the mass air flow sensor is not producing a signal, injector timing will be about four times longer than normal (possibly making the fuel mixture too rich to start). You can also use millisecond readings to confirm fuel enrichment when the throttle is opened during acceleration, fuel leaning during light load cruising and injector shut-down during deceleration. Under light load cruise, for example, you should see about 2.5 to 2.8 Ms duration.


K&N Mass Air Flow Sensor Statement

Every stock replacement air filter we sell comes with this sticker, which we advise consumers to place prominently on their air box. The sticker is to alert service technicians that they should not throw away your K&N air filter because it will last for the life of your vehicle. When service technicians see this sticker it means "STOP SELLING THIS CUSTOMER DISPOSABLE AIR FILTERS OVER AND OVER."

In our opinion, this is why some dealerships or service providers may attempt to discourage a consumer from using a K&N air filter or worse blame a vehicle repair on our lifetime air filter. Most dealerships provide excellent service and fulfill car warranty obligations without issue, argument or tardiness. The rest of this discussion is about a minority of dealerships who are either misguided or misinformed.

We are aware of the "urban myth" (K&N News Story) created by a few dealerships that a vehicle's Mass air flow sensor can be contaminated by K&N filter oil. No evidence has ever been provided to support this "myth" and years of diagnostic testing by K&N has shown that not only is this allegation not real, it is not even possible. In our opinion, it is an excuse for a dealership and/or the vehicle manufacturer to avoid a legitimate warranty repair.

In the last 4 years, we have sold over 10,000,000 lifetime air filters and received only a few hundred calls from consumers who are having dealership or service provider challenges. We believe that Dealership's or service provider's real incentive may be to discourage the use of reusable products so they can sell disposable products over and over. In order to provide consumers with added comfort that they will not be placed in a bad position by an improper warranty denial, we offer our Consumer Protection Pledge.

Mass Air Flow Sensor Investigations

No dealership or service provider, when contacted, has ever been able to provide us with evidence to support this "myth," and in fact, our investigations have revealed that even authorized dealerships are simply speculating and do not have the test equipment necessary to know whether the sensor has failed or why.

In the last 7 years, we have had more than 300 actual sensors sent to us by consumers with documents showing dealerships claimed our product had caused them to fail. Microscopic, electronic and chemical testing revealed that none of these sensors were contaminated by K&N oil (K&N Detailed Mass air flow Sensor Test Results). What is perhaps the single biggest clue to what is going on is that over 50% of these sensors sent to us were not broken in the first place for any reason. Click here for more information on how this may happen.

The oil treatment on our cotton is very small (usually less than 2 ounces) and is a critical component of our filtration technology. There is nothing unusual about the use of oil as a tacking agent to improve air filter efficiency. In fact, certain Ford Motorcraft and Fram disposable air filters are treated with oil. This makes us wonder if it is only the oil treatment from reusable lifetime air filters that is alleged cause a vehicle problem?

The idea that oil comes off our filter throughout its life is truly ridiculous. Just like oil treated disposable air filters, once our oil is properly and evenly absorbed through the cotton, no oil will come off, even under extreme engine conditions. We have even conducted a test with an over oiled K&N air filter in which we flowed 1,000 cubic feet of air per minute for over twelve hours (few cars or truck could generate even 500 cubic feet of air flow). The use of an absolute filter confirmed that no oil came off the K&N filter tested, even in these harsh conditions.


Distributed fiber optic sensors market: global industry analysis and opportunity assessment 2015-2025 explored with latest research

Future Market Insights has announced the addition of the “Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors Market: Global Industry Analysis and Opportunity Assessment 2015-2025" report to their offering.

Optical networks are used for transmitting of voice and data signals around the world. These networks require perpetual monitoring so as to ensure proper transmission of signal along the fibers.

These sensors are quite immune to electromagnetic interference, and being a poor conductor of electricity they can be used in places where there is flammable material such as jet fuel or high voltage electricity. Fiber optic sensors can be designed to withstand high temperatures as well.

Most physical properties can be sensed optically with fiber optic sensors. Temperature, light intensity, displacement, pressure, rotation, strain, sound, magnetic field, electric field, chemical analysis, radiation, flow, liquid level and vibration are just some of the phenomena that can be sensed via these sensors.

Due to its characteristic of being impervious to electromagnetic interference and ability to operate in harsh environments, these sensors can be deployed in conditions where electronic sensors fail.

Distributed fiber optic sensors represent a technology that can be applied to a multitude of sensing applications with several characteristic advantages of fiber optics that make their use especially attractive for sensors. Fiber optic sensors are used in wide range of applications ranging from energy, defense, medicine, industrial, structural and transportation, security applications.

For many years, distributed fiber optic sensors have been in use for military gyroscopes and hydrophones. To realize the full potential in distributed fiber optic sensors market, few improvements such as sensor robustness needs to be carried out in these sensors.
Oil and gas market has opened an entire new business stream for the fiber optic sensors market, as they paved way for an entire new revenue generation system for the service providers. Initially the commercialization was focused primarily on the military applications.
However, with the usage of distributed fiber optic sensors in smart oil wells North America is enabling itself to be on the path of energy independence. With the further technological advancements, its going to gain traction in the coming years.

Distributed fiber optic sensors provides an extra edge over existing conventional electronic systems by completely eliminating the need of electronics at the sensor end; with low cost, high bandwidth, light weight, improved reliability and EMI/RFI immunity.

Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors Market: Drivers & Restraints     
Increasing investments in civil structures, smart manufacturing, growing needs of telecommunication industry are some of the key factors driving the growth of the global distributed fiber optic sensors market.

Cost and unfamiliarity remain the primary barriers to fiber optic sensor growth into new applications. Price fluctuation in oil industry and stringent environmental regulations are few more probable factors restraining the growth of the global distributed fiber optic sensors market.

Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors Market: Segmentation       
The global distributed fiber optic sensors market is broadly classified on the basis of technology, applications and geographies.

Based on application, the global distributed fiber optic sensors market is segmented into:
·         Oil & Gas
·         Pipelines
·         Infrastructure
·         Geothermal
·         Process control
·         Security
·         Wind energy turbines

Based on technology, the global distributed fiber optic sensors market is segmented into:
·         Brillouin Scattering
·         Raman Scattering
·         Rayleigh Scattering
·         Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG)

Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors Market: Overview      

Though distributed fiber optic sensors traces back its history years ago, but for the emerging economies like India this market is gaining grounds recently.

With developing new technologies in emerging economies, rapid urbanization and increasing housing and security investments, the acceptance of distributed fiber optic sensors is gaining popularity. The global distributed fiber optic sensors market is expected to expand at a promising CAGR during the forecast period (2015-2025).

Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors Market: Region-wise Outlook   
The global distributed fiber optic sensors market is expected to remain quite optimistic for the forecast period. Depending on geographic regions, global distributed fiber optic sensors market is segmented into seven key regions: North America, South America, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Asia Pacific, Japan, and Middle East & Africa.

As of 2015, North America dominated the global distributed fiber optic sensors market in terms of market revenue. Asia Pacific & Japan are projected to expand at a substantial growth and will contribute to the global distributed fiber optic sensors market value exhibiting a robust CAGR during the forecast period, 2015?2025.




Research report covers the Global and Chinese liquid level sensor market development trends and key manufacturer from 2016 to 2021

This is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Global Liquid Level Sensor Industry with a focus on the Chinese market. The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Liquid Level Sensor manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry.
In this part, the report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, production value, and 2011-2016 market shares for each company. Through the statistical analysis, the report depicts the global and Chinese total market of Liquid Level Sensor industry including capacity, production, production value, cost/profit, supply/demand and Chinese import/export.

The total market is further divided by company, by country, and by application/type for the competitive landscape analysis.

The report then estimates 2016-2021 market development trends of Liquid Level Sensor industry.

Analysis of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics is also carried out.

In the end, the report makes some important proposals for a new project of Liquid Level Sensor Industry before evaluating its feasibility. Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2016-2021 global and Chinese Liquid Level Sensor industry covering all important parameters.

Major Points from Table of Contents
Introduction of Liquid Level Sensor Industry
Manufacturing Technology of Liquid Level Sensor
Analysis of Global Key Manufacturers
2011-2016 Global and Chinese Market of Liquid Level Sensor
Market Status of Liquid Level Sensor Industry
2016-2021 Market Forecast of Global and Chinese Liquid Level Sensor Industry
Analysis of Liquid Level Sensor Industry Chain
Global and Chinese Economic Impact on Liquid Level Sensor Industry
Market Dynamics of Liquid Level Sensor Industry
Proposals for New Project
Research Conclusions of Global and Chinese Liquid Level Sensor Industry

List of Tables and Figures
Figure Liquid Level Sensor Product Picture
Table Development of Liquid Level Sensor Manufacturing Technology
Figure Manufacturing Process of Liquid Level Sensor
Table Trends of Liquid Level Sensor Manufacturing Technology
Table 2011-2016 Global Liquid Level Sensor Capacity List
Table 2011-2016 Global Liquid Level Sensor Key Manufacturers Capacity Share List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Liquid Level Sensor Manufacturers Capacity Share
Table 2011-2016 Global Liquid Level Sensor Key Manufacturers Production List
Table 2011-2016 Global Liquid Level Sensor Key Manufacturers Production Share List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Liquid Level Sensor Manufacturers Production Share
Figure 2011-2016 Global Liquid Level Sensor Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2011-2016 Global Liquid Level Sensor Key Manufacturers Production Value List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Liquid Level Sensor Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2011-2016 Global Liquid Level Sensor Key Manufacturers Production Value Share List
Figure 2011-2016 Global Liquid Level Sensor Manufacturers Production Value Share
Table 2011-2016 Global Liquid Level Sensor Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2011-2016 Chinese Share of Global Liquid Level Sensor Production
Table 2011-2016 Global Supply and Consumption of Liquid Level Sensor
Figure 2016-2021 Global Liquid Level Sensor Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2016-2021 Global Liquid Level Sensor Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2016-2021 Global Liquid Level Sensor Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2016-2021 Chinese Share of Global Liquid Level Sensor Production
Table 2016-2021 Global Supply and Consumption of Liquid Level Sensor
Table 2016-2021 Import and Export of Liquid Level Sensor
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Liquid Level Sensor Industry
Figure Production Cost Analysis of Liquid Level Sensor
Figure Downstream Analysis of Liquid Level Sensor




Commercial Microwave Sensor Technology: An Emerging Business

Based on a market study conducted by Intechno Consulting, the world sensor market (all sensing principles) is growing steadily with an average annual growth rate of seven percent from $20 B in 1994 to $40 B by 2004. An emerging segment of this huge market is related to microwave sensors. According to market forecasts from Frost & Sullivan and ABI Inc., radar applications are expected to build to a $1 B market within five years, as shown in Figure 1 . Clearly, the commercial microwave sensor market is experiencing a boom. Radar technology provides what the market needs: a reliable, accurate and noncontact sensing of distance, movement and presence.

Industrial Sensors
A significant industrial application of radar sensor technology is the measurement of liquid or solid material level in process tanks. Most level measurement principles require a mechanical contact to the process, but use of contactless measurement principles is increasing rapidly. Radar offers the best performance in terms of robustness to extreme temperature, pressure, dust and aggressive chemicals. World revenues from shipments of radar level-sensing instruments are growing 15 percent per year and are expected to reach $280 M by 2003.

New competitors are currently entering this market, creating a market growth that puts price pressure on radar level-sensing instruments, which originally were high profit products. The majority of installed radar level meters operate at 5.8 and 10 GHz. However, the next generation of radar systems with 24 GHz technology pose strong competition to the existing products for two reasons: The 24 GHz level gauge can be built smaller and lighter. Hence, it can be mounted to narrow tank flanges and is much easier to handle. In addition, sharp antenna patterns that maximize the level echo while minimizing disturbing reflections are possible, providing high accuracy and measurement reliability.

The new 24 GHz systems not only utilize advanced microwave technology, they also incorporate modern digital signal processing (DSP) features such as self-calibration, self-diagnosis and automatic parameter setup, which provide the user with easy installation and low maintenance. Besides level sensing, radar technology is used in several industrial niche applications such as turbine diagnosis, moisture measurement in paper production and object detection within manufacturing lines. Figure 2 shows an increasingly common contactless measurement gauge.

Automotive Sensors
In the automotive industry, a highly competitive car market exists. Advanced features are used to distinguish cars while safety is a major consideration in new car purchases. It is not surprising that radar technology has gained strong support from leading members of the automobile industry. The automotive radar market is expected to dynamically grow to a volume of roughly $300 M to $500 M by 2003.

The revolutionary approach of automotive distance warning systems is to use front, side and backup radar systems to monitor obstacles, as shown in Figure 3 . This car vision system determines distance from and speed of detected objects and alerts drivers if they are too close to an obstacle. Radar appears to be the best sensor principle since alternatives such as laser and ultrasound fail under bad weather conditions when they are needed most.
The first 77 GHz adaptive cruise control (ACC) radar was scheduled to be available in Mercedes Benz S-class cars this spring. Besides the forward-looking radar, increasing interest is being expressed in short-distance sensor functions such as lane-change aid, park distance control (PDC), precrash detection, occupant sensing and a stop-and-go option for second-generation ACC radar systems. It is not yet clear at which frequencies these novel automotive sensors will operate, but the 24 GHz band could be a good choice with respect to production maturity and cost. The in-car sensor functions are likely to be realized using an optical basis.

The parking aid is a well-established car option that was introduced by BMW in 1991. All PDC systems shipped currently are based on an ultrasonic principle. However, ultrasound is likely to be replaced as soon as radar is offered at the same price level. As a customer benefit, radar is more robust and the microwave modules are mounted invisibly behind the bumper.

Airbag systems are another potential application for radar and light detection and ranging technology. Conventional airbag systems are triggered by acceleration or pressure sensors. Sophisticated signal processing is required to determine very quickly whether or not an accident occurred and at what time the airbags must be deployed. A precrash detection using radar could help to further improve the reliability of airbags, especially with respect to the side airbag, which is the most critical type. An additional idea behind adaptive inflation of the so-called smart airbag is the use of an in-car sensor to determine the shape and position of the occupant on each seat. The technology for future optical three-dimensional (3-D) camera chips for passenger detection is currently in development.

Although the car sensor functions discussed in this article are not yet completely mature, it is not difficult to imagine microwave and optical vision systems making their way into future automobiles. A survey of the automobile industry has determined that an appropriately priced device designed to reduce collisions could become as popular as other safety devices such as airbags and automatic braking systems, which have gained an impressive market share.

Consumer Sensors
Consumer applications, a very fragmented market, have put the strongest price pressure on sensor devices. The sensor element is only a small portion of the end product. Here, radar again competes with less-expensive principles such as ultrasound and infrared sensors. Despite the technical advantages of radar, it cannot be successful unless ultra-low cost microwave sensor elements become feasible.

The most popular radar application is motion sensing. Typical end-customer products are door openers and automatic light switches. Microwave sensors can be mounted invisibly behind dielectric covers, which is a clear advantage over other technologies. Radar motion sensors have been available for some time and it is now possible to produce a simple planar 2.4 or 5.8 GHz Doppler radar module for roughly $5. However, this cost is still higher than an IR sensor. The semiconductor industry is working on radar chips capable of operation to 100 GHz. In parallel, optical 3-D camera technology is being established. The higher the frequency, the better the sensor resolution and the smaller and cheaper the sensor element can be. The industrial, scientific and medical band at 61 GHz would be suitable for low cost sensors such as proximity switches.

Future $3 sensor elements will open up the market for interesting products in household applications. An intelligent home environment may contain functions ranging from smart doors and lights, enhanced safety alarm features, wireless identification and data transmission to more sophisticated products such as 3-D imaging cameras for cleaning robots and smart cooking.





2016年5月26日星期四

New Market Study Published : Global Alcohol Tester Market Professional Survey Report

This report mainly covers the following product types: Fuel cell type, Semiconductor-type,
infrared type, Gas chromatographic analysis, Colorimetric type.
The segment applications including: Hospital Use and Transportation.
Segment regions including (the separated region report can also be offered)
USA
China
Japan
Germany
UK
France 
The players list (Partly, Players you are interested in can also be added)
Drager
Bluepoint MEDICAL
ENVITEC
ESOM
ZIYUAN
ANTRIP
DearRoad
Henan Inte Electric Equipment
Beijing Friendship
Yangzhou Pailaisi
Wuhan Ouka?
King Road Traffic Control?
Beijing Juxinteng Scientific Instrument
Bengbu South Digital
Jinan Huangshi?
Shanghai Weiqing
Hitachi
APRESYS
INTOXIMETERS
GMI
MPD
OLDHAM
With no less than 15 top producers.
Data including (both global and regions): Market Size (both volume - Unit and value - million USD), Market Share, Production data, Consumption data, Trade data, Price - USD/Unit, Cost, Gross margin etc.
Company Profile:
8 Major Manufacturers Analysis of Alcohol Tester 
8.1 Drager 
8.1.1 Company Profile 
8.1.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.1.3 Drager 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.1.4 Drager 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.2 Bluepoint MEDICAL 
8.2.1 Company Profile 
8.2.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.2.3 Bluepoint MEDICAL 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.2.4 Bluepoint MEDICAL 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.3 ENVITEC 
8.3.1 Company Profile 
8.3.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.3.3 ENVITEC 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.3.4 ENVITEC 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.4 ESOM 
8.4.1 Company Profile 
8.4.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.4.3 ESOM 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.4.4 ESOM 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.5 ZIYUAN 
8.5.1 Company Profile 
8.5.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.5.3 ZIYUAN 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.5.4 ZIYUAN 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.6 ANTRIP 
8.6.1 Company Profile 
8.6.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.6.3 ANTRIP 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.6.4 ANTRIP 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.7 DearRoad 
8.7.1 Company Profile 
8.7.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.7.3 DearRoad 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.7.4 DearRoad 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.8 Henan Inte Electric Equipment 
8.8.1 Company Profile 
8.8.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.8.3 Henan Inte Electric Equipment 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.8.4 Henan Inte Electric Equipment 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.9 Beijing Friendship 
8.9.1 Company Profile 
8.9.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.9.3 Beijing Friendship 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.9.4 Beijing Friendship 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.10 Yangzhou Pailaisi 
8.10.1 Company Profile 
8.10.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.10.3 Yangzhou Pailaisi 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.10.4 Yangzhou Pailaisi 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.11 Wuhan Ouka? 
8.11.1 Company Profile 
8.11.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.11.3 Wuhan Ouka? 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.11.4 Wuhan Ouka? 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.12 King Road Traffic Control? 
8.12.1 Company Profile 
8.12.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.12.3 King Road Traffic Control? 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.12.4 King Road Traffic Control? 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.13 Beijing Juxinteng Scientific Instrument 
8.13.1 Company Profile 
8.13.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.13.3 Beijing Juxinteng Scientific Instrument 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.13.4 Beijing Juxinteng Scientific Instrument 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.14 Bengbu South Digital 
8.14.1 Company Profile 
8.14.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.14.3 Bengbu South Digital 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.14.4 Bengbu South Digital 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.15 Jinan Huangshi? 
8.15.1 Company Profile 
8.15.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.15.3 Jinan Huangshi? 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.15.4 Jinan Huangshi? 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.16 Shanghai Weiqing 
8.16.1 Company Profile 
8.16.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.16.3 Shanghai Weiqing 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.16.4 Shanghai Weiqing 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.17 Hitachi 
8.17.1 Company Profile 
8.17.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.17.3 Hitachi 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.17.4 Hitachi 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.18 APRESYS 
8.18.1 Company Profile 
8.18.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.18.3 APRESYS 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.18.4 APRESYS 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.19 INTOXIMETERS 
8.19.1 Company Profile 
8.19.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.19.3 INTOXIMETERS 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.19.4 INTOXIMETERS 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.20 GMI 
8.20.1 Company Profile 
8.20.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.20.3 GMI 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.20.4 GMI 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.21 MPD 
8.21.1 Company Profile 
8.21.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.21.3 MPD 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.21.4 MPD 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis 
8.22 OLDHAM 
8.22.1 Company Profile 
8.22.2 Product Picture and Specifications 
8.22.3 OLDHAM 2015 Alcohol Tester Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis 
8.22.4 OLDHAM 2015 Alcohol Tester Business Region Distribution Analysis
...CONTINUED




New study: global force sensor market, forecast 2016 - 2022

Force sensors are also known as force transducers that converts an input mechanical force into an electrical output signal. It act as a force sensing resistor in an electric circuit.

Persistence Market Research Pvt. Ltd is released new forthcoming report on title "Force Sensor Market: Global Industry Analysis and Forecast 2016 - 2022".It has various benefits such as flexibility and ultra-thin sensor construction which leads to minimal interference in normal action of device and precise response. Depending upon the working and sensing method, variety of force sensors are available in the market.

The global force sensor market is expected to witness substantial growth over the period of forecast. Technological advancement, low manufacturing cost, increasing product demand, rise in the demand of industrial robots, advancement of medical devices with force sensing technology, innovations and development in the manufacturing are the few factors encouraging the growth of global force sensor market.

On the other hand, factors which are restraining the global force sensor market are instability in the demand across various end-user industry and underdeveloped aftermarket sales channels.

The global force sensor market can be segmented into type, application and region.
On the basis of type, the global force sensor market can be segmented into, optical force sensor, piezoresistive force sensor, capacitive force sensor, magnetic force sensor, ultrasonic force sensor, strain gauges, and electrochemical force sensors

Sensors has become an essential part of any measurement and automation applications. Overall global sensor market is witnessing a trend of increasing sensor accuracy, reliability, response time, efficiency, communication capability and robustness encourages the demand for sensors across various applications. 

On the basis of application, the global force sensor market can be segmented into, medical & pharmaceutical sector, automotive, printing & packaging, consumer electronics, industrial (robotic & manufacturing), and aerospace & defence. Key developments in the prominent industries such as medical & pharmaceuticals, robotics, aerospace & defence, manufacturing and others is expected to encourage the growth of global force sensor market by 2025.

Force sensors are used in manufacturing tools, transportation equipment, microelectronic packaging, transportation equipment. Force sensors can also be used in wireless inventory management system to improve order scheduling which helps in avoiding inventory stock-out issue.

On the basis of region, the global force sensor market can be seven regions which include – North America, Latin America, Asia-Pacific excluding Japan (APEJ), Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Japan and Middle East & Africa. North America is dominating the global force sensor market due to high technological advancement and increasing adoption among various end-user applications.

However, revenue contribution from Asia Pacific excluding Japan is expected to grow significantly over the forecast period.





Signal conditioning for a UV sensor

This application note describes the analog conditioning circuit used for a high impedance sensor that acts like a current sensor. It explains how to condition a signal coming from the sensor in this case an ultraviolet - UV sensor and how to improve performance.

While sunlight is important for our health, overexposure to it carries significant health risks. For example, sunburn is caused by the UV radiation contained in sunlight. Measurement of UV is important from a medical point of view, but for various other reasons too. The detection of UV rays is important in the industrial domain, particularly to detect flame in a blue flame oil burner or in some fire detectors.

Knowing the right levels of UV for plant growth is also important. Low levels of UV light have a positive effect on plant growth and seed germination but, higher levels can be harmful and even toxic. UV is part of our life and if it is not well controlled it can cause damage. Consequently, UV sensors are very important.


ISweek(http://www.isweek.com/)- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products

2016年5月25日星期三

What’s the Humidity sensor?

Humidity sensor is a device that detects and measures water vapor. TE offers a complete range of calibrated and amplified sensor products that measure relative humidity (RH).

Based on our robust patented capacitive technology, these sensors provide accurate measurement of dew point and absolute humidity by combining relative humidity and temperature measurements.

Our sensors are qualified for the most demanding applications, including automotive, heavy truck, aerospace and home appliances. We off er a variety of output signals such as digital (Frequency, I2C) and analog voltage, as well as, customized and proprietary output signals including PWM, PDM, LIN and CAN.

ISweek(http://www.isweek.com/)- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products

Ultra low cost NDIR gas sensors

The concentration of a gas species is detected by using a single beam NDIR gas sensor in which an infrared source element is driven at two different temperatures, a feed back loop senses an operation voltage of the source, a differential gain amplifier creates a high cycle amplified output during a high cycle and a low cycle amplified output during a low cycle while a controller synchronizes the source driver so that a signal processor can determine the gas concentration through use of the high cycle amplified output and the low cycle amplified output. The infrared source can be a non-genuine blackbody source such as an incandescent miniature light bulb when the sample chamber is a thermally insulated aluminum tube that is maintained at a preselected temperature greater than ambient so that the glass envelope of the bulb is maintained at an equilibrium temperature (such as approximately 30 degrees Celsius plus or minus two degrees Celsius) during its low cycle operation state.

Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to the field of gas sensing devices and, more particularly, to NDIR gas analyzers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Non-Dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas analyzers have been used for detecting the presence and concentration of various gases for over four decades. The NDIR technique has long been considered as one of the best methods for gas measurement. In addition to being highly specific, NDIR gas analyzers are also very sensitive, stable and easy to operate and maintain.

In contrast to NDIR gas sensors, the majority of other types of gas sensors today are in principle interactive. Interactive gas sensors are less reliable, generally nonspecific, and in some cases can be poisoned or saturated into a nonfunctional or irrecoverable state.

Despite the fact that interactive gas sensors are mostly unreliable and that the NDIR gas measurement technique is one the of best there is, NDIR gas analyzers have still not enjoyed widespread usage to date mainly because of the fact that their cost is still not low enough as compared to other inferior gas sensors for many applications.

In the past, NDIR gas analyzers typically included an infrared source, a motor-driven mechanical chopper to modulate the source, a pump to push or pull gas through a sample chamber, a narrow bandpass interference filter, a sensitive infrared detector plus expensive infrared optics and windows to focus the infrared energy from the source to the detector. In an attempt to reduce the cost and simplify the implementation of the NDIR methodology, a low-cost NDIR gas sensor technique was earlier developed. This low-cost NDIR technique employs a diffusion-type gas sample chamber of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,163,332, issued on Nov. 17, 1992 to Wong, one of the present applicants. This diffusion-type gas sample chamber eliminates the need for expensive optics, mechanical choppers and a pump for pushing or pulling the gas into the sample chamber. As a result, a number of applications using NDIR gas sampling technique, which were previously considered impractical because of cost and complexity, have been rendered viable ever since.

In the ensuing years since the U.S. Pat. No. 5,163,332 (1992) was issued, Wong, one of the present applicants, continued to refine and improve low-cost NDIR gas sampling techniques as evidenced by the issuance of U.S. Pat. No. 5,222,389 (June 1993), U.S. Pat. No. 5,341,214 (August 1994), U.S. Pat. No. 5,347,474 (September 1994), U.S Pat. No. 5,453,621 (September 1995), U.S. Pat. No. 5,502,308 (March 1996), U.S. Pat. No. 5,747,808 (May 1998), U.S. Pat. No. 5,834,777 (November 1998) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,237,575 (May 2001) to same. However, it has been quite apparent that despite the intense efforts over the years by Wong and others in the field, the unit sale price of NDIR gas sensors is still too high for many applications. It is of interest to note that back in 1991 and prior to the issuance of U.S. Pat. No. 5,163,332 (1992) to Wong, the same inventor has earlier advanced the concept of a simpler NDIR sensor methodology using spectral ratioing technique with a differential temperature infrared source in U.S. Pat. No. 5,026,992 (1991). However, even after almost 15 years, this concept has to date neither been proven to be viable in theory nor has it been experimentally demonstrated to illustrate its practicality. It was found out only very recently and experimentally by Wong, the original inventor of U.S. Pat. No. 5,026,992 (1991) and one of the present applicants, that although the concept as suggested by the author was sound, the method does not work if the prescribed steps were followed exactly according to the teaching of the patent. Furthermore, it was found out by the present applicants that the methodology itself has to be completely reformulated taking into consideration the shortcomings of both the method and the system components as suggested by the original inventor.

There is still a long felt need in a variety of industries and applications to use lower cost NDIR gas sensors, and so far this desire has gone unanswered. It is this need that the current application seeks to address and bring about a new and novel technique for the design and implementation for ultra low cost NDIR gas sensors.