Ultra low power NDIR gas sensor fire detector

A fire detector and method for generating an alarm signal in response to a fire uses an NDIR sensor to generate a detector signal based upon one or more absorption bands selected from the 15.1μ absorption band of CO2, the 6.27μ absorption band of H2O and the 4.67μ absorption band for CO and generates an alarm signal when a signal processor receives the detector signal and a preselected criterion is met that is indicative of the onset of a fire based upon an analysis of the detector signal using a detection algorithm that relies upon a trending pattern of the detector signal such as recognizing a substantial drop in the detector signal strength.

The fire detector has a waveguide sample chamber (which can be of a re-entrant design) with at least one opening covered by a thin filtering membrane and a heat exchanger thermally connected to the sample chamber with at least one opening covered by another thin filtering membrane. If the NDIR sensor is to detect H2O molecules, the filtering membrane on the heat exchanger (which can be integrally formed out of aluminum with the sample chamber) allows H2O molecules to pass through it and inside surfaces of both the sample chamber and the heat exchanger are coated with a hydrophobic coating to prevent condensation of H2O molecules.

Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 11/284,460 filed Nov. 21, 2005, entitled “Ultra Low Power NDIR CO2 Gas Sensor Fire Detector,” the disclosure of which is specifically incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is in the field of gas analysis and more particularly relates to an ultra low power gas sensor designed to be used as a compact, reliable, low cost, fast responding and false alarm resistant fire detector.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The Non-Dispersive Infrared (“NDIR”) technique has long been considered as one of the best methods for gas measurement. In addition to being highly specific, NDIR gas analyzers are also very sensitive, stable, reliable and easy to maintain. The major drawback of the NDIR gas measurement technique has been its relatively expensive implementation and high power consumption.
Ever since the NDIR technique of gas measurement was first introduced and practiced in the mid 1950's, a large number of improved measurement techniques based upon the NDIR principle for gas detection have been proposed and successfully demonstrated. The most notable advances over the years in this field are summarized as follows.

Burch et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 3,793,525) and Blau et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 3,811,776) in 1974 were the first to advance a so-called “Double Beam” technique for NDIR gas measurement by taking advantage of the principle of nonlinear absorption for some strongly absorbing gases such as CO2 to create a reference channel. Shortly thereafter, this “Double Beam” NDIR gas sensor technique was greatly simplified with the use of two interposed spectral filters (one absorbing and one neutral) to create a sample and a reference detector channel. Subsequent NDIR gas sensors, designed using this technique, have enjoyed good output stability as a function of time.

In U.S. Pat. No. 4,578,762 (1986) Wong advanced the first self-calibrating NDIR CO2 analyzer using a novel two-wheel chopper and mirror arrangement. Another improved type of such gas analyzer is shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,694,173 (1987) by Wong. This gas analyzer has no moving parts for effecting the interposition of spectral filters or absorbing and non-absorbing cells to create both a sample and reference detector channel as in the NDIR gas analyzers described earlier.

In U.S. Pat. No. 5,163,332 (1992), Wong advanced the so-called “wave-guide” sample chamber for simplifying NDIR gas sensors into ones that are compact, rugged and low-cost while still maintaining their superior performance characteristics.

All of the NDIR gas analyzers described above for the measurement of the concentrations of one or more gases in a mixture perform well functionally and have contributed overwhelmingly to the overall technical advancement in the field of gas analysis during the past two decades. They have been widely accepted in both the medical and industrial communities. Despite their undisputed success over the years, there still remains an important application, namely the commonplace household fire detector, not successfully realized to date due to the fact that NDIR gas sensors are sill too costly and consume too much power when used as sentinel fire detectors.

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