The presence and concentration of oxygen in biological
systems has a large impact on the behavior and viability of many types of
cells, including the differentiation of stem cells or the growth of tumor
cells.
As a result, the integration of oxygen sensors within cell
culture environments presents a powerful tool for quantifying the effects of
oxygen concentrations on cell behavior, cell viability, and drug effectiveness.
Because microfluidic cell culture environments are a promising alternative to
traditional cell culture platforms, there is recent interest in integrating
oxygen-sensing mechanisms with microfluidics for cell culture applications.
Optical, luminescence-based oxygen sensors, in particular,
show great promise in their ability to be integrated with microfluidics and
cell culture systems. These sensors can be highly sensitive and do not consume
oxygen or generate toxic byproducts in their sensing process.
This paper presents a review of previously proposed optical oxygen sensor types, materials and formats most applicable to microfluidic cell
culture, and analyzes their suitability for this and other in vitro applications.
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