Over the last 25 years, the field of fiber optics has undergone
tremendous growth and advancement. Fiber optic sensors abbreviated as FOS
came into picture as a byproduct of telecommunications. Initially it
was designed with the aim of measuring the status and performance of the
optical fiber networks. Optical networks are used for transmitting of
voice and data signals around the world. These networks require
perpetual monitoring so as to ensure proper transmission of signal along
the fibers. These sensors are quite immune to electromagnetic
interference, and being a poor conductor of electricity they can be used
in places where there is flammable material such as jet fuel or high
voltage electricity. Fiber optic sensors can be designed to withstand
high temperatures as well. Most physical properties can be sensed
optically with fiber optic sensors. Temperature, light intensity,
displacement, pressure, rotation, strain, sound, magnetic field,
electric field, chemical analysis, radiation, flow, liquid level and
vibration are just some of the phenomena that can be sensed via these
sensors. Due to its characteristic of being impervious to
electromagnetic interference and ability to operate in harsh
environments, these sensors can be deployed in conditions where
electronic sensors fail.
Distributed fiber optic sensors represent a technology that can be
applied to a multitude of sensing applications with several
characteristic advantages of fiber optics that make their use especially
attractive for sensors. Fiber optic sensors are used in wide range of
applications ranging from energy, defense, medicine, industrial,
structural and transportation, security applications. For many years,
distributed fiber optic sensors have been in use for military gyroscopes
and hydrophones. To realize the full potential in distributed fiber
optic sensors market, few improvements such as sensor robustness needs
to be carried out in these sensors. Oil and gas market has opened an
entire new business stream for the fiber optic sensors market, as they
paved way for an entire new revenue generation system for the service
providers. Initially the commercialization was focused primarily on the
military applications. However, with the usage of distributed fiber
optic sensors in smart oil wells North America is enabling itself to be
on the path of energy independence. With the further technological
advancements, its going to gain traction in the coming years.
Distributed fiber optic sensors provides an extra edge over existing
conventional electronic systems by completely eliminating the need of
electronics at the sensor end; with low cost, high bandwidth, light
weight, improved reliability and EMI/RFI immunity.
Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors Market: Drivers & Restraints
Increasing investments in civil structures, smart manufacturing, growing
needs of telecommunication industry are some of the key factors driving
the growth of the global distributed fiber optic sensors market.
Cost and unfamiliarity remain the primary barriers to fiber optic sensor
growth into new applications. Price fluctuation in oil industry and
stringent environmental regulations are few more probable factors
restraining the growth of the global distributed fiber optic sensors
market.
Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors Market: Segmentation
The global distributed fiber optic sensors market is broadly classified
on the basis of technology, applications and geographies.
Based on application, the global distributed fiber optic sensors market is segmented into:
• Oil & Gas
• Pipelines
• Infrastructure
• Geothermal
• Process control
• Security
• Wind energy turbines
Based on technology, the global distributed fiber optic sensors market is segmented into:
• Brillouin Scattering
• Raman Scattering
• Rayleigh Scattering
• Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG)
Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors Market: Overview
Though distributed fiber optic sensors traces back its history years
ago, but for the emerging economies like India this market is gaining
grounds recently.
With developing new technologies in emerging economies, rapid
urbanization and increasing housing and security investments, the
acceptance of distributed fiber optic sensors is gaining popularity. The
global distributed fiber optic sensors market is expected to expand at a
promising CAGR during the forecast period (2015-2025).
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
2016年7月14日星期四
A Glimpse at Fiber Optic Sensors and Their Applications
Fiber optic technology and its applications have progressed rapidly in the
last 30 years. They are low cost and have the capability of carrying
information from one place to another, and are immune to the many interferences
that afflict electrical and wireless communication mediums. This has enabled
fiber optics to replace older technologies and play a key role in the fast and
strong growth in worldwide communications in the last 25 years.
The replacement of older technologies to fiber optics can be attributed to
the many advantages fiber optic technology offers, including:
·
Insensitive to EMI, RFI, and EMP
·
Does not radiate energy
·
Low transmission losses
·
Wide transmission bandwidth
·
Unaffected by lightning
·
Lightweight
·
Non-corrosive
·
Absolutely safe in explosive
environments
·
Flexible in upgrading
·
Immune to ground loops
·
Secure, cannot be tapped without
detection
Fiber-optic sensors are a powerful class of sensors, bringing to
measurement systems many of the advantages that optical-fiber technology has
brought to the telecommunications industry. Three main characteristics
differentiate fiber-optic sensors from other types of sensors: A) A high
bandwidth of optical fibers allows them to convey a large amount of measurand
information through a single fiber; B) The optical fiber is a dielectric, it is
not subject to interference from electromagnetic waves that might be present in
the sensing environment; and C) Fiber-optic sensors can function under adverse
conditions of temperature and pressure and toxic or corrosive environments that
can erode metals at a rapid rate, have little effect on optical fibers. In
addition, fiber-optic sensors are intrinsically safe in explosive environments
(no sparks), lightweight, compact, robust and potentially inexpensive.
Therefore, useful as sensing devices for a wide range of physical and chemical
applications including chemical, temperature, strain, biomedical, electrical
and magnetic, rotation, vibration, displacement, pressure and flow.
Many of these categories were developed by military organizations during
the past decade. These military sensors, while extremely effective at creating
"smarter" structures, have not found large commercial markets, with
only a few exceptions. These exceptional markets include: chemical sensing
(especially in the petrochemical industry), transportation, building and
structural monitoring and biomedical. The first three segments represent nearly
all of the existing market and the fourth represents an explosive market
waiting for proven, noninvasive technologies.
Figure 1 provides the revenue forecasts for fiber optic pressure sensors
for North America for the years 2000-2006.
In 1999, the total revenues for fiber-optic pressure sensor sales in North America totaled $14.5 million. This was an
approximate 5.5 percent growth from the previous year’s sales of $13.7 million.
It is anticipated this trend will continue for the forecast period (2006) of
this report, with growth rates accelerating from 2003 to 2006.
Fiber-optic sensors can perform the functions of virtually any
conventional sensor, often faster and with greater sensitivity, they can also
perform measurement tasks that would be impracticable with conventional
sensors. For instance, in building and structural monitoring, fiber-optic
sensors can be embedded in structures such as airplanes and bridges,
continuously reporting on structural integrity and possibly averting a
catastrophic failure.
Fiber Optics and Telecommunications
The telecommunications industry was primarily responsible for the
development of fiber optic sensor technology in the1980s. In spite of their
special capabilities, the general acceptance of fiber optic sensors has been
slow. The challenges of performance, cost, modularity and standardization all
limited penetration to industrial applications. However, in the past few years
that has started to change as companies educate the public to the benefits of
optical sensing in their quest for a larger part of the sensor market--a market
certainly worth pursuing. Indeed, for an indefinite period, electronic sensors,
which are well supported by electronic signal-handling methods and hold
established positions in control systems, are expected to coexist with
fiber-optic sensors. But electronic signal-handling methods can serve
fiber-optic sensors because optical signals readily convert into electronic
form. In the longer term, all-optical signal-handling methods will become
available, complementing and extending the capabilities of fiber-optic sensors.
The numerous advantages of fiber-optic sensors will ensure they continue
to attract research funding for further development. The maturation of
fiber-optic technology will, over time, expand the applications of fiber-optic
sensors as the cost of components such as laser sources and single-mode
couplers decline and smart technology improves. Furthermore, with the drive
toward automation by manufacturing facilities all over the world, the many
inherent advantages of fiber-optic sensors promise a major role for them in the
future.
Emerging Fiber-Optic Applications
Since its discovery as a communications medium in 1966, fiber optics,
transmitting or guiding light through the core of a flexible hair-thin glass
strand, has become the primary interest in the telecommunications community. As
demand for ever-higher bandwidth continues, researchers continue to design
faster fiber-optic communications systems. Although the communications market
for fiber optics of some $7 billion dominates fiber-optic applications, several
non-communications applications are emerging. Among those applications are the
fiber-optic delivery of electric power (power by light), fly-by-light control
of aircraft, fiber-optic delivery in laser welding, use of fiber optics for
illumination fiber-optic sensing of parameters such as temperature, chemical
constituency and strain in physical structures.
Figure 2 provides the percentage of revenue forecasts for the fiber-optic
pressure sensors market in North America for
the years 2000-2006 by end-user industry.
According to industry participants, fiber optic sensing technology shows
that light can provide the same, if not better, response than other
conventional sensing systems--sometimes many times faster and more accurate.
However, many in the industry attest to the fact that being able to do
something and do it well does not always guarantee monetary success. Economies
of scale, which relate to higher prices versus conventional techniques, and a
lack of understanding among application engineers who must work with sensors
everyday are some of the hurdles companies face on the road to success. Despite
all this, fiber optic sensors are making inroads in hazardous-environment,
environmental monitoring and other fields that will lead to further success
with this technology.
2016年7月8日星期五
A Glimpse at Fiber Optic Sensors and Their Applications
Fiber Optic Overview
Fiber optic technology and its applications have progressed rapidly in the
last 30 years. They are low cost and have the capability of carrying
information from one place to another, and are immune to the many interferences
that afflict electrical and wireless communication mediums. This has enabled
fiber optics to replace older technologies and play a key role in the fast and
strong growth in worldwide communications in the last 25 years.
The replacement of older technologies to fiber optics can be attributed to
the many advantages fiber optic technology offers, including:
·
Insensitive to EMI, RFI, and EMP
·
Does not radiate energy
·
Low transmission losses
·
Wide transmission bandwidth
·
Unaffected by lightning
·
Lightweight
·
Non-corrosive
·
Absolutely safe in explosive
environments
·
Flexible in upgrading
·
Immune to ground loops
·
Secure, cannot be tapped without
detection
Fiber-optic sensors are a powerful class of sensors, bringing to
measurement systems many of the advantages that optical-fiber technology has
brought to the telecommunications industry. Three main characteristics
differentiate fiber-optic sensors from other types of sensors: A) A high
bandwidth of optical fibers allows them to convey a large amount of measurand
information through a single fiber; B) The optical fiber is a dielectric, it is
not subject to interference from electromagnetic waves that might be present in
the sensing environment; and C) Fiber-optic sensors can function under adverse
conditions of temperature and pressure and toxic or corrosive environments that
can erode metals at a rapid rate, have little effect on optical fibers. In
addition, fiber-optic sensors are intrinsically safe in explosive environments
(no sparks), lightweight, compact, robust and potentially inexpensive.
Therefore, useful as sensing devices for a wide range of physical and chemical
applications including chemical, temperature, strain, biomedical, electrical
and magnetic, rotation, vibration, displacement, pressure and flow.
Many of these categories were developed by military organizations during
the past decade. These military sensors, while extremely effective at creating
"smarter" structures, have not found large commercial markets, with
only a few exceptions. These exceptional markets include: chemical sensing
(especially in the petrochemical industry), transportation, building and
structural monitoring and biomedical. The first three segments represent nearly
all of the existing market and the fourth represents an explosive market
waiting for proven, noninvasive technologies.
Figure 1 provides the revenue forecasts for fiber optic pressure sensors
for North America for the years 2000-2006.
In 1999, the total revenues for fiber-optic pressure sensor sales in North America totaled $14.5 million. This was an
approximate 5.5 percent growth from the previous year’s sales of $13.7 million.
It is anticipated this trend will continue for the forecast period (2006) of
this report, with growth rates accelerating from 2003 to 2006.
Fiber-optic sensors can perform the functions of virtually any
conventional sensor, often faster and with greater sensitivity, they can also
perform measurement tasks that would be impracticable with conventional
sensors. For instance, in building and structural monitoring, fiber-optic
sensors can be embedded in structures such as airplanes and bridges,
continuously reporting on structural integrity and possibly averting a
catastrophic failure.
Fiber Optics and Telecommunications
The telecommunications industry was primarily responsible for the
development of fiber-optic sensor technology in the1980s. In spite of their
special capabilities, the general acceptance of fiber optic sensors has been
slow. The challenges of performance, cost, modularity and standardization all
limited penetration to industrial applications. However, in the past few years
that has started to change as companies educate the public to the benefits of
optical sensing in their quest for a larger part of the sensor market--a market
certainly worth pursuing. Indeed, for an indefinite period, electronic sensors,
which are well supported by electronic signal-handling methods and hold
established positions in control systems, are expected to coexist with
fiber-optic sensors. But electronic signal-handling methods can serve
fiber-optic sensors because optical signals readily convert into electronic
form. In the longer term, all-optical signal-handling methods will become
available, complementing and extending the capabilities of fiber-optic sensors.
The numerous advantages of fiber-optic sensors will ensure they continue
to attract research funding for further development. The maturation of
fiber-optic technology will, over time, expand the applications of fiber-optic
sensors as the cost of components such as laser sources and single-mode
couplers decline and smart technology improves. Furthermore, with the drive
toward automation by manufacturing facilities all over the world, the many
inherent advantages of fiber-optic sensors promise a major role for them in the
future.
Emerging Fiber-Optic Applications
Since its discovery as a communications medium in 1966, fiber optics,
transmitting or guiding light through the core of a flexible hair-thin glass
strand, has become the primary interest in the telecommunications community. As
demand for ever-higher bandwidth continues, researchers continue to design
faster fiber-optic communications systems. Although the communications market
for fiber optics of some $7 billion dominates fiber-optic applications, several
non-communications applications are emerging. Among those applications are the
fiber-optic delivery of electric power (power by light), fly-by-light control
of aircraft, fiber-optic delivery in laser welding, use of fiber optics for
illumination fiber-optic sensing of parameters such as temperature, chemical
constituency and strain in physical structures.
Figure 2 provides the percentage of revenue forecasts for the fiber-optic
pressure sensors market in North America for
the years 2000-2006 by end-user industry.
According to industry participants, fiber optic sensing technology shows
that light can provide the same, if not better, response than other
conventional sensing systems--sometimes many times faster and more accurate.
However, many in the industry attest to the fact that being able to do
something and do it well does not always guarantee monetary success. Economies
of scale, which relate to higher prices versus conventional techniques, and a
lack of understanding among application engineers who must work with sensors
everyday are some of the hurdles companies face on the road to success. Despite
all this, fiber optic sensors are making inroads in hazardous-environment,
environmental monitoring and other fields that will lead to further success
with this technology.
2016年7月1日星期五
Introduction to Fiber Optic Sensors and their Types with Applications
In the year 1960, laser light was invented and after the invention of lasers, researchers had shown interest to study the applications of optical fiber communication systems for sensing, data communications, and many other applications. Subsequently the fiber optic communication system has become the ultimate choice for gigabits and beyond gigabits transmission of data. This type of fiber optic communication is used to transmit data, voice, telemetry and video over a long distance communication or computer networks or LANs.
This technology uses a light wave to transmit the data over a fiber by changing electronic signals into light. Some of the excellent characteristic features of this technology include light weightness, low attenuation, smaller diameter, long distance signal transmission, transmission security, and so on.
Significantly, the telecommunication technology has changed the recent advances in fiber optic technology. The last revolution appeared as designers to combine the productive results of optoelectronic devices with fiber-optic-telecommunication devices to create fiber optic sensors. Many of the components associated with these devices are often developed for the fiber-optic-sensor applications. The ability of the fiber optic sensors has increased in the place of traditional sensor.
Fiber Optic Sensors
The fiber optic sensors also called as optical fiber sensors use optical fiber or sensing element. These sensors are used to sense some quantities like temperature, pressure, vibrations, displacements, rotations or concentration of chemical species. Fibers have so many uses in the field of remote sensing because they require no electrical power at the remote location and they have tiny size.
Fiber optic sensors are supreme for insensitive conditions, including noise, high vibration, extreme heat, wet and unstable environments. These sensors can easily fit in small areas and can be positioned correctly wherever flexible fibers are needed. The wavelength shift can be calculated using a device, optical frequency-domain reflectrometry. The time-delay of the fiber optic sensors can be decided using a device such as an optical time-domain Reflectometer.
Block Diagram Of Fiber Optic Sensor
The general block diagram of fiber-optic sensor is shown above. The block diagram consists of optical source (Light Emitting Diode, LASER, and Laser diode), optical fiber, sensing element, optical detector and end-processing devices (optical-spectrum analyzer, oscilloscope). These sensors are classified into three categories based on the operating principles, sensor location and application.
2016年6月23日星期四
Fiber optic sensors enable new MRI applications
Fiber optic sensors have become a critical technology enabler behind the
latest functional MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) suite upgrades and
new MRI equipment designs. It is increasingly desirable to synchronize
certain patient activity with the MRI imaging system. The incredible
high magnetic field strengths are increasing with each generation (3.0
Tesla being the top of the line norm today) so that the electromagnetic
transparency of components become more important with each succeeding
generation and new application. The intrinsic passiveness and
electromagnetic immunity of optical sensors plus the all-dielectric
nature of optical fiber is ideal for both sensor design and optical
signal transmission in and out of Zone 4 (MRI Scanner location) of the
MRI suite.
Designing equipment that can operate within the extreme electromagnetic fields present in an MRI suite is extremely challenging. The MRI suite precludes the use of conventional components and structures fabricated from ferrous-based materials, nickel alloys and most stainless steel materials – including electronics, electric motors and other electrical and electromechanical devices commonly used in the industrial world. Magnetically attracted metals – small or large - can become harmful projectiles and either damage the machine or affect patient/operator safety. Also improper materials can create undesirable artifacts or distortions which affect the quality of the imaging results.
Our central focus is the development and application of MRI compatible fiber optic sensors necessary for closing the loop - specifically for measuring position, speed and limits. In this article we present three MRI-based motion control applications which demonstrate the operation and use of recently developed, commercially available MRI safe fiber optic-based feedback sensors.
Mythbuster - fiber optics is not fragile
Although made of glass, fiber optics is not fragile! Optical fiber and cabling is designed to be strong and resistant to physical abuse – especially excess bending and high tensile loads. The military uses optical fiber in the harshest applications , including aircraft, missiles, satellites and the most hostile environments - from the desert to the arctic, from undersea to space.
It’s essentially just another type of wire – a glass wire.
What is a fiber optic sensor?
As shown in Figure 1, a fiber optic sensor is a device that alters the properties of the light passing through the device based on a physical quantity imparted on the device. In this sense, the fiber optic sensor is not a true transducer - it does not convert one form of energy into another - but is instead a “sensing element” which changes a characteristic parameter of the light injected into the sensor. Hence, a typical fiber optic sensor system consists of three parts – the fiber coupled “passive” optical sensor, the “active” interrogator or system interface, and the fiber optic light path or link that connects them. Because of its low loss and ability to transmit interference-free over long distances, the fiber optic link provides the means of locating the active interrogator/system interface outside the MRI Scanner (Zone 4) Area. Figure 1. Block diagram of a fiber optic sensor systemHow does a fiber optic position sensor work?
Typically optical power (light) is sent to the sensor where the light is being altered or changed in amplitude, wavelength, polarization, etc. Other sensors measure the time of flight of the light while the physical property changes the optical path length.
The simplest form of a fiber optic sensor is an optic limit switch where the presence or absence of an object in the light path must be determined. In this case evaluating the ON-OFF state of light is sufficient and works reliably. To the fiber optic designer it is an unfortunate reality that optical amplitude within a fiber optic link is not stable and cannot be relied on for making absolute measurements. Long term source degradation, fiber bending and fiber optic connector non-repeatability all affect optical transmission over time and environmental factors severely affect measurement accuracy. Fiber optic communication links are reliable because they transmit digital information and all receivers incorporate an automatic gain control (AGC) amplifier.
Thus, position sensors that depend on light amplitude modulation have proven to be unstable, inaccurate and unreliable. Spectral-based techniques are much more reliable because they are not affected by light intensity. Whether the light level is low or high, the spectral light distribution in the fiber remains the same. For instance, Fiber Bragg Gratings are one such technology which alter the spectral behavior but are affected by temperature – making for a poor position sensor. The key optical innovation of the Micronor MR330 series MRI position sensor is that the position information is embedded into the optical spectrum and provides accurate, high resolution position information unaffected by varying losses or degradation in the fiber optic link. Utilizing the optical spectrum as the information carrier rather than amplitude assures reliable accuracy, even when the fiber link installation is degraded.
Figure 2. Diagram of the MR338 MRI safe fiber optic absolute position sensor
As shown in Figure 3, the interrogator/controller transmits a broadband light pulse to the sensor via the input fiber. Based on the position of the rotary code wheel, the internal optics passively convert this light pulse source into a return signal transmitted over the output fiber, in which the spectral pattern is essentially a unique binary representation of the rotary encoder’s angular position. Internally, the interrogator functions like a spectral analysis system in which the optical return signal is imaged onto a CCD and the resultant spectral signature analyzed and converted to an angular position code.
Figure 3. How the MR338 fiber optic position sensor works
The second innovation of the MR338 MRI Safe Position Sensor is its fabrication from non-metallic materials so to be completely RF transparent. This was not a simple substitution of non-metallic materials versus the original MR332 “Metallic” industrial sensor design. Due to the accuracy required, the materials must be extremely stable over temperature, humidity and time. Internally the sensor accurately resolves down to 4µm thus any shift of the material introduces an error in position reading. There are numerous plastic materials that have a suitable low temperature coefficient, however, as is typical for plastics, they exhibit hygroscopic property which means they change size based on moisture content. A suitable ceramic-like material is used for alignment of the dimensionally critical optics. This part is fabricated using high precision stereo lithographic fabrication technology.
The resulting MR338 MRI position sensor system offers 13-bit (8192 counts or 0.044°) single turn resolution and 12-bit (4096 count) multiturn tracking. The same optical technique is also applied to a fiber optic linear position sensing system.
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
Designing equipment that can operate within the extreme electromagnetic fields present in an MRI suite is extremely challenging. The MRI suite precludes the use of conventional components and structures fabricated from ferrous-based materials, nickel alloys and most stainless steel materials – including electronics, electric motors and other electrical and electromechanical devices commonly used in the industrial world. Magnetically attracted metals – small or large - can become harmful projectiles and either damage the machine or affect patient/operator safety. Also improper materials can create undesirable artifacts or distortions which affect the quality of the imaging results.
Our central focus is the development and application of MRI compatible fiber optic sensors necessary for closing the loop - specifically for measuring position, speed and limits. In this article we present three MRI-based motion control applications which demonstrate the operation and use of recently developed, commercially available MRI safe fiber optic-based feedback sensors.
Mythbuster - fiber optics is not fragile
Although made of glass, fiber optics is not fragile! Optical fiber and cabling is designed to be strong and resistant to physical abuse – especially excess bending and high tensile loads. The military uses optical fiber in the harshest applications , including aircraft, missiles, satellites and the most hostile environments - from the desert to the arctic, from undersea to space.
It’s essentially just another type of wire – a glass wire.
What is a fiber optic sensor?
As shown in Figure 1, a fiber optic sensor is a device that alters the properties of the light passing through the device based on a physical quantity imparted on the device. In this sense, the fiber optic sensor is not a true transducer - it does not convert one form of energy into another - but is instead a “sensing element” which changes a characteristic parameter of the light injected into the sensor. Hence, a typical fiber optic sensor system consists of three parts – the fiber coupled “passive” optical sensor, the “active” interrogator or system interface, and the fiber optic light path or link that connects them. Because of its low loss and ability to transmit interference-free over long distances, the fiber optic link provides the means of locating the active interrogator/system interface outside the MRI Scanner (Zone 4) Area. Figure 1. Block diagram of a fiber optic sensor systemHow does a fiber optic position sensor work?
Typically optical power (light) is sent to the sensor where the light is being altered or changed in amplitude, wavelength, polarization, etc. Other sensors measure the time of flight of the light while the physical property changes the optical path length.
The simplest form of a fiber optic sensor is an optic limit switch where the presence or absence of an object in the light path must be determined. In this case evaluating the ON-OFF state of light is sufficient and works reliably. To the fiber optic designer it is an unfortunate reality that optical amplitude within a fiber optic link is not stable and cannot be relied on for making absolute measurements. Long term source degradation, fiber bending and fiber optic connector non-repeatability all affect optical transmission over time and environmental factors severely affect measurement accuracy. Fiber optic communication links are reliable because they transmit digital information and all receivers incorporate an automatic gain control (AGC) amplifier.
Thus, position sensors that depend on light amplitude modulation have proven to be unstable, inaccurate and unreliable. Spectral-based techniques are much more reliable because they are not affected by light intensity. Whether the light level is low or high, the spectral light distribution in the fiber remains the same. For instance, Fiber Bragg Gratings are one such technology which alter the spectral behavior but are affected by temperature – making for a poor position sensor. The key optical innovation of the Micronor MR330 series MRI position sensor is that the position information is embedded into the optical spectrum and provides accurate, high resolution position information unaffected by varying losses or degradation in the fiber optic link. Utilizing the optical spectrum as the information carrier rather than amplitude assures reliable accuracy, even when the fiber link installation is degraded.
Figure 2. Diagram of the MR338 MRI safe fiber optic absolute position sensor
As shown in Figure 3, the interrogator/controller transmits a broadband light pulse to the sensor via the input fiber. Based on the position of the rotary code wheel, the internal optics passively convert this light pulse source into a return signal transmitted over the output fiber, in which the spectral pattern is essentially a unique binary representation of the rotary encoder’s angular position. Internally, the interrogator functions like a spectral analysis system in which the optical return signal is imaged onto a CCD and the resultant spectral signature analyzed and converted to an angular position code.
Figure 3. How the MR338 fiber optic position sensor works
The second innovation of the MR338 MRI Safe Position Sensor is its fabrication from non-metallic materials so to be completely RF transparent. This was not a simple substitution of non-metallic materials versus the original MR332 “Metallic” industrial sensor design. Due to the accuracy required, the materials must be extremely stable over temperature, humidity and time. Internally the sensor accurately resolves down to 4µm thus any shift of the material introduces an error in position reading. There are numerous plastic materials that have a suitable low temperature coefficient, however, as is typical for plastics, they exhibit hygroscopic property which means they change size based on moisture content. A suitable ceramic-like material is used for alignment of the dimensionally critical optics. This part is fabricated using high precision stereo lithographic fabrication technology.
The resulting MR338 MRI position sensor system offers 13-bit (8192 counts or 0.044°) single turn resolution and 12-bit (4096 count) multiturn tracking. The same optical technique is also applied to a fiber optic linear position sensing system.
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
2016年6月16日星期四
What are Fiber Optic Sensors?
Fiber optic sensors are fiber-based devices that use optical fibers to
detect certain quantities such as mechanical strain or temperature,
concentrations of chemical species, acceleration, rotations, pressure,
vibrations and displacements.
These sensors are mainly used in remote sensing applications. Most of the fiber optic sensors are multiplexed along the length of a fiber by using light wavelength shift for each sensor or by determining the time delay as light passes along the fiber.
Fiber optic sensor systems consist of three photoelectric sensing modes such as retroreflective, through-beam and diffuse reflective modes as these systems are operated based on photoelectric sensing technology. Individual and bifurcated sensors are two fiber optic sensing systems that are operated in these modes.
A bifurcated fiber-optic assembly used for both diffuse reflective and retroreflective sensing combines the emitter and the receiver cable assemblies to achieve detection. In the fiber optic through-beam mode, the individual sensing systems sense the desired quantity when the light beam that extends from the emitter to the receiver is interrupted.
Fiber optic sensors are resistant to electromagnetic interference, and they do not conduct electricity. Hence they can be used for applications that involve highly inflammable material or high voltage electricity.
Working Principle of Fiber Optic Sensors
Fiber optic sensors work based on the principle that light from a laser or any superluminescent source is transmitted via an optical fiber, experiences changes in its parameters either in the optical fiber or fiber Bragg gratings and reaches a detector which measures these changes.
A typical fiber optic sensor system consists of a fiber-optic cable connected to a remote sensor or an amplifier. The fiber optic cable consists of a glass or plastic core surrounded by a layer made of cladding material.
The difference in densities between the core and the layer enables the cables to act based on the total internal reflection principle, which states that the light striking a boundary between two components will be totally reflected without any loss in light energy. The reflected light is then transmitted to a sensor/detector that converts the light energy into an electrical signal.
Benefits of Fiber Optic Sensors
Fiber optic sensors are small and light weight. Resistant to high temperature and explosive environments, they possess electrically insulating material which also make them suitable for use in applications subject to high voltages and there are no risks of electrical sparks.
In addition to this fiber optic sensors are very resistant to electromagnetic and radio frequency interference. They are highly sensitive, have excellent range and resolution and multiplexing capabilities.
Applications
Fiber optic sensors are used in a number of different applications. In mechanical properties testing, fiber optical sensors are used to measure mechanical strain. They can also be used to measure acceleration, velocity, pressure, temperature and displacement.
In heritage structures, fiber optic sensors can be used to evaluate post-seismic damage, analyze cracks, monitor restoration and monitor displacement. Similarly in dams they can detect and monitor leakages, foundation defects and measure spatial displacement.
The video below shows ABB's adoption of fibre optic sensors in high voltage applications.
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
These sensors are mainly used in remote sensing applications. Most of the fiber optic sensors are multiplexed along the length of a fiber by using light wavelength shift for each sensor or by determining the time delay as light passes along the fiber.
Fiber optic sensor systems consist of three photoelectric sensing modes such as retroreflective, through-beam and diffuse reflective modes as these systems are operated based on photoelectric sensing technology. Individual and bifurcated sensors are two fiber optic sensing systems that are operated in these modes.
A bifurcated fiber-optic assembly used for both diffuse reflective and retroreflective sensing combines the emitter and the receiver cable assemblies to achieve detection. In the fiber optic through-beam mode, the individual sensing systems sense the desired quantity when the light beam that extends from the emitter to the receiver is interrupted.
Fiber optic sensors are resistant to electromagnetic interference, and they do not conduct electricity. Hence they can be used for applications that involve highly inflammable material or high voltage electricity.
Working Principle of Fiber Optic Sensors
Fiber optic sensors work based on the principle that light from a laser or any superluminescent source is transmitted via an optical fiber, experiences changes in its parameters either in the optical fiber or fiber Bragg gratings and reaches a detector which measures these changes.
A typical fiber optic sensor system consists of a fiber-optic cable connected to a remote sensor or an amplifier. The fiber optic cable consists of a glass or plastic core surrounded by a layer made of cladding material.
The difference in densities between the core and the layer enables the cables to act based on the total internal reflection principle, which states that the light striking a boundary between two components will be totally reflected without any loss in light energy. The reflected light is then transmitted to a sensor/detector that converts the light energy into an electrical signal.
Benefits of Fiber Optic Sensors
Fiber optic sensors are small and light weight. Resistant to high temperature and explosive environments, they possess electrically insulating material which also make them suitable for use in applications subject to high voltages and there are no risks of electrical sparks.
In addition to this fiber optic sensors are very resistant to electromagnetic and radio frequency interference. They are highly sensitive, have excellent range and resolution and multiplexing capabilities.
Applications
Fiber optic sensors are used in a number of different applications. In mechanical properties testing, fiber optical sensors are used to measure mechanical strain. They can also be used to measure acceleration, velocity, pressure, temperature and displacement.
In heritage structures, fiber optic sensors can be used to evaluate post-seismic damage, analyze cracks, monitor restoration and monitor displacement. Similarly in dams they can detect and monitor leakages, foundation defects and measure spatial displacement.
The video below shows ABB's adoption of fibre optic sensors in high voltage applications.
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2016年6月3日星期五
Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing (DFOS) Market Report 2016-2026
Visiongain assesses that the global Distributed Fibre Optic Sensor market will reach $2,373.6m in 2016. It is therefore critical that your
strategic planning is in place and your forecasting plans are
established to take advantage of the business potential here.
Visiongain's report will ensure that you keep informed and ahead of your competitors. Gain that competitive advantage.
The report will answer questions such as: - What are the prospects for the overall Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market? - How profitable is the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market? - Who are the key players within the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market? - What are the drivers and restraints underpinning the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market?
5 Reasons why you must order and read this report today:
1) The report provides detailed profiles of 10 leading companies operating within the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market, and brief profiles of 14 other companies operating within the market:
Leading Companies - with market share revealed for the leading 7 companies - QinetiQ Group plc - Lockheed Martin Corporation - Northrop Grumman Corporation - Baker Hughes, Inc. - CGG - Future Fibre Technologies Ltd. - Magal S3 - Fotech Solutions Ltd. - LIOS Technology GmbH - Southwest Microwave Inc.
Other Companies - AP Sensing GmbH - FibrisTerre GmbH - Halliburton Corporation - Intelligent Fiber Optics Systems (IFOS) Inc. - Omega Company - Omnisens SA - OZ Optics - Savcor OY - Schlumberger Ltd - SensorNet - Silixa Ltd - Tendeka Group - Weatherford International - Ziebel
2) The study reveals where and how companies are investing in the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market. We show you the prospects for the following national markets. These national markets are further segmented into individual forecast for each of the 4 application submarkets. - Australia - Brazil - Canada - China - France - Germany - India - Israel - Japan - Russia - Saudi Arabia - South Korea - United Kingdom - United States - Rest of the World
3) The report provides details of 114 contracts relating to the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market
4) The analysis is underpinned by an exclusive interview with a leading expert , Hagai Katz, Senior VP Marketing & Business Development, at Magal S3
5) Our overview also forecasts and analyses these 4 application submarkets from 2016-2026. These forecasts are revealed at the global level PLUS individually for each of the 14 national markets - The DFOS for Critical Infrastructure Submarket - The DFOS for Military Applications Submarket - The DFOS for Security Applications Submarket - The DFOS for Upstream Oil & Gas Submarket
How will you benefit from this report? - This report you will keep your DFOS knowledge base up to speed. Don't get left behind. - This report will allow you to reinforce strategic decision-making based upon definitive and reliable DFOS market data. - You will learn how to exploit new technological trends. - You will be able to realise your company's full potential within the DFOS market. - You will better understand the competitive landscape and identify potential new business opportunities & partnerships.
Competitive advantage This independent 273 page report guarantees you will remain better informed than your competitors. With 268 tables and figures examining the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market space, the report gives you an immediate, one-stop breakdown of your market. PLUS national market forecasts, as well as analysis, from 2016-2026 keeping your knowledge that one step ahead of your rivals.
Who should read this report? - Anyone within the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment value chain. - Defence contractors - Energy companies - Security companies - Engineering companies - Business development managers - Technologists - Suppliers - R&D staff - CEO's - COO's - CIO's - Marketing managers - Investors - Banks - Government agencies - Contractors
Don't miss out This report is essential reading for you or anyone in the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment sector. Purchasing this report today will help you to recognise those important market opportunities and understand the possibilities there. Order theDistributed Fibre Optic Sensing (DFOS) Market Report 2016-2026: DAS, DTS & Other Sensors for Critical Infrastructure, Military, Security and Upstream Oil & Gas Applications Reportnow. We look forward to receiving your order
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
Visiongain's report will ensure that you keep informed and ahead of your competitors. Gain that competitive advantage.
The report will answer questions such as: - What are the prospects for the overall Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market? - How profitable is the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market? - Who are the key players within the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market? - What are the drivers and restraints underpinning the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market?
5 Reasons why you must order and read this report today:
1) The report provides detailed profiles of 10 leading companies operating within the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market, and brief profiles of 14 other companies operating within the market:
Leading Companies - with market share revealed for the leading 7 companies - QinetiQ Group plc - Lockheed Martin Corporation - Northrop Grumman Corporation - Baker Hughes, Inc. - CGG - Future Fibre Technologies Ltd. - Magal S3 - Fotech Solutions Ltd. - LIOS Technology GmbH - Southwest Microwave Inc.
Other Companies - AP Sensing GmbH - FibrisTerre GmbH - Halliburton Corporation - Intelligent Fiber Optics Systems (IFOS) Inc. - Omega Company - Omnisens SA - OZ Optics - Savcor OY - Schlumberger Ltd - SensorNet - Silixa Ltd - Tendeka Group - Weatherford International - Ziebel
2) The study reveals where and how companies are investing in the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market. We show you the prospects for the following national markets. These national markets are further segmented into individual forecast for each of the 4 application submarkets. - Australia - Brazil - Canada - China - France - Germany - India - Israel - Japan - Russia - Saudi Arabia - South Korea - United Kingdom - United States - Rest of the World
3) The report provides details of 114 contracts relating to the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market
4) The analysis is underpinned by an exclusive interview with a leading expert , Hagai Katz, Senior VP Marketing & Business Development, at Magal S3
5) Our overview also forecasts and analyses these 4 application submarkets from 2016-2026. These forecasts are revealed at the global level PLUS individually for each of the 14 national markets - The DFOS for Critical Infrastructure Submarket - The DFOS for Military Applications Submarket - The DFOS for Security Applications Submarket - The DFOS for Upstream Oil & Gas Submarket
How will you benefit from this report? - This report you will keep your DFOS knowledge base up to speed. Don't get left behind. - This report will allow you to reinforce strategic decision-making based upon definitive and reliable DFOS market data. - You will learn how to exploit new technological trends. - You will be able to realise your company's full potential within the DFOS market. - You will better understand the competitive landscape and identify potential new business opportunities & partnerships.
Competitive advantage This independent 273 page report guarantees you will remain better informed than your competitors. With 268 tables and figures examining the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment market space, the report gives you an immediate, one-stop breakdown of your market. PLUS national market forecasts, as well as analysis, from 2016-2026 keeping your knowledge that one step ahead of your rivals.
Who should read this report? - Anyone within the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment value chain. - Defence contractors - Energy companies - Security companies - Engineering companies - Business development managers - Technologists - Suppliers - R&D staff - CEO's - COO's - CIO's - Marketing managers - Investors - Banks - Government agencies - Contractors
Don't miss out This report is essential reading for you or anyone in the Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing Equipment sector. Purchasing this report today will help you to recognise those important market opportunities and understand the possibilities there. Order theDistributed Fibre Optic Sensing (DFOS) Market Report 2016-2026: DAS, DTS & Other Sensors for Critical Infrastructure, Military, Security and Upstream Oil & Gas Applications Reportnow. We look forward to receiving your order
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
2016年6月2日星期四
Global Fibre Optics Sensors Market to Grow Steadily at a CAGR of About 9% During 2016-2020
Technavios market research analyst predicts the global fiber optic sensors market to grow steadily at a CAGR of about 9% during the
forecast period. The fiber optic sensors capability of a higher
tolerance for high temperatures is expected to drive the demand for
these sensors in applications that has extreme environmental conditions
and where electrical sensors fail to function properly, such as the oil
and gas, and manufacturing sector.
Increased exploration of unconventional resources is another major factor expected to increase the revenues of the fiber optic sensors market during the forecast period. Fiber optic sensors are integrated into equipment used during the drilling and exploration stages. The increase in consumption of oil and gas and the decline in the production of conventional oil reserves has forced vendors and governments to indulge in exploration and drilling activities, therefore, leading to greater demand for fiber optic sensors in this industry.
Product segmentation and analysis of the fiber optic sensors market
- Intrinsic fiber optic sensors
- Extrinsic fiber optic sensors
The intrinsic sensors segment dominated the market during 2015, with a market share of above 93%. Intrinsic sensors are used to measure physical properties such as strain, pressure, and temperature. The main reason behind the dominance of intrinsic sensors is the early adoption of these sensors in oil and gas industry.
Segmentation by end-user and analysis of the fiber optic sensors market
- Oil and gas
- Manufacturing
- Infrastructure
- Security
- Others
Oil and gas accounted for nearly 31% of the market share during 2015. The high demand for equipment used for exploration and drilling activities and the ability of fiber optic sensors to measure temperatures and strain at different locations through a single fiber using multiplexing technology has been driving the growth of this segment.
Geographical segmentation and analysis of the fiber optic sensors market
- Americas
- APAC
- EMEA
The Americas accounted for almost 42% of the market share during 2015 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of close to 10% during the forecast period. The high adoption rate of fiber optic sensors in the manufacturing industry and the availability of huge reserves resulting in increased exploration and drilling activities are the primary drivers for the market growth in this region.
Key questions answered in the report
- What will the market size and the growth rate be in 2020?
- What are the key factors driving the global fiber optic sensors market?
- What are the key market trends impacting the growth of the global fiber optic sensors market?
- What are the challenges to market growth?
- Who are the key vendors in the global fiber optic sensors market?
- What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the vendors in the global fiber optic sensors market?
- Trending factors influencing the market shares of the Americas, APAC, and EMEA.
- What are the key outcomes of the five forces analysis of the global fiber optic sensors market?
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
Increased exploration of unconventional resources is another major factor expected to increase the revenues of the fiber optic sensors market during the forecast period. Fiber optic sensors are integrated into equipment used during the drilling and exploration stages. The increase in consumption of oil and gas and the decline in the production of conventional oil reserves has forced vendors and governments to indulge in exploration and drilling activities, therefore, leading to greater demand for fiber optic sensors in this industry.
Product segmentation and analysis of the fiber optic sensors market
- Intrinsic fiber optic sensors
- Extrinsic fiber optic sensors
The intrinsic sensors segment dominated the market during 2015, with a market share of above 93%. Intrinsic sensors are used to measure physical properties such as strain, pressure, and temperature. The main reason behind the dominance of intrinsic sensors is the early adoption of these sensors in oil and gas industry.
Segmentation by end-user and analysis of the fiber optic sensors market
- Oil and gas
- Manufacturing
- Infrastructure
- Security
- Others
Oil and gas accounted for nearly 31% of the market share during 2015. The high demand for equipment used for exploration and drilling activities and the ability of fiber optic sensors to measure temperatures and strain at different locations through a single fiber using multiplexing technology has been driving the growth of this segment.
Geographical segmentation and analysis of the fiber optic sensors market
- Americas
- APAC
- EMEA
The Americas accounted for almost 42% of the market share during 2015 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of close to 10% during the forecast period. The high adoption rate of fiber optic sensors in the manufacturing industry and the availability of huge reserves resulting in increased exploration and drilling activities are the primary drivers for the market growth in this region.
Key questions answered in the report
- What will the market size and the growth rate be in 2020?
- What are the key factors driving the global fiber optic sensors market?
- What are the key market trends impacting the growth of the global fiber optic sensors market?
- What are the challenges to market growth?
- Who are the key vendors in the global fiber optic sensors market?
- What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the vendors in the global fiber optic sensors market?
- Trending factors influencing the market shares of the Americas, APAC, and EMEA.
- What are the key outcomes of the five forces analysis of the global fiber optic sensors market?
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
2016年5月27日星期五
Distributed fiber optic sensors market: global industry analysis and opportunity assessment 2015-2025 explored with latest research
Future
Market Insights has announced the addition of the “Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors Market: Global Industry Analysis and Opportunity Assessment 2015-2025"
report to their offering.
Optical networks are used for transmitting of voice and data signals around the world. These networks require perpetual monitoring so as to ensure proper transmission of signal along the fibers.
These sensors are quite immune to electromagnetic interference, and being a poor conductor of electricity they can be used in places where there is flammable material such as jet fuel or high voltage electricity. Fiber optic sensors can be designed to withstand high temperatures as well.
Most physical properties can be sensed optically with fiber optic sensors. Temperature, light intensity, displacement, pressure, rotation, strain, sound, magnetic field, electric field, chemical analysis, radiation, flow, liquid level and vibration are just some of the phenomena that can be sensed via these sensors.
Distributed Fiber
Optic Sensors Market: Drivers & Restraints
Increasing investments in civil structures, smart manufacturing, growing needs of telecommunication industry are some of the key factors driving the growth of the global distributed fiber optic sensors market.
Cost and unfamiliarity remain the primary barriers to fiber optic sensor growth into new applications. Price fluctuation in oil industry and stringent environmental regulations are few more probable factors restraining the growth of the global distributed fiber optic sensors market.
Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors Market: Segmentation
The global distributed fiber optic sensors market is broadly classified on the basis of technology, applications and geographies.
Based on application, the global distributed fiber optic sensors market is segmented into:
Based on technology, the global
distributed fiber optic sensors market is segmented into:
Distributed Fiber
Optic Sensors Market: Overview
Though distributed fiber optic sensors traces back its history years ago, but for the emerging economies likeIndia
With developing new technologies in emerging economies, rapid urbanization and increasing housing and security investments, the acceptance of distributed fiber optic sensors is gaining popularity. The global distributed fiber optic sensors market is expected to expand at a promising CAGR during the forecast period (2015-2025).
Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors Market: Region-wise Outlook
The global distributed fiber optic sensors market is expected to remain quite optimistic for the forecast period. Depending on geographic regions, global distributed fiber optic sensors market is segmented into seven key regions: North America, South America, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Asia Pacific,Japan
As of 2015,North America dominated the global
distributed fiber optic sensors market in terms of market revenue. Asia Pacific
& Japan are projected to expand at a substantial growth and will contribute
to the global distributed fiber optic sensors market value exhibiting a robust
CAGR during the forecast period, 2015?2025.
Optical networks are used for transmitting of voice and data signals around the world. These networks require perpetual monitoring so as to ensure proper transmission of signal along the fibers.
These sensors are quite immune to electromagnetic interference, and being a poor conductor of electricity they can be used in places where there is flammable material such as jet fuel or high voltage electricity. Fiber optic sensors can be designed to withstand high temperatures as well.
Most physical properties can be sensed optically with fiber optic sensors. Temperature, light intensity, displacement, pressure, rotation, strain, sound, magnetic field, electric field, chemical analysis, radiation, flow, liquid level and vibration are just some of the phenomena that can be sensed via these sensors.
Due to its characteristic of being impervious to
electromagnetic interference and ability to operate in harsh environments,
these sensors can be deployed in conditions where electronic sensors fail.
Distributed fiber optic sensors represent a technology that can be applied
to a multitude of sensing applications with several characteristic advantages
of fiber optics that make their use especially attractive for sensors. Fiber
optic sensors are used in wide range of applications ranging from energy,
defense, medicine, industrial, structural and transportation, security
applications.
For many years, distributed fiber optic sensors have been in use for
military gyroscopes and hydrophones. To realize the full potential in
distributed fiber optic sensors market, few improvements such as sensor
robustness needs to be carried out in these sensors.
Oil and gas market has opened an entire new business stream for the fiber
optic sensors market, as they paved way for an entire new revenue generation
system for the service providers. Initially the commercialization was focused
primarily on the military applications.
However, with the usage of distributed fiber optic sensors in smart oil
wells North America is enabling itself to be
on the path of energy independence. With the further technological
advancements, its going to gain traction in the coming years.
Distributed fiber optic sensors provides an extra edge over existing
conventional electronic systems by completely eliminating the need of
electronics at the sensor end; with low cost, high bandwidth, light weight,
improved reliability and EMI/RFI immunity.
Increasing investments in civil structures, smart manufacturing, growing needs of telecommunication industry are some of the key factors driving the growth of the global distributed fiber optic sensors market.
Cost and unfamiliarity remain the primary barriers to fiber optic sensor growth into new applications. Price fluctuation in oil industry and stringent environmental regulations are few more probable factors restraining the growth of the global distributed fiber optic sensors market.
Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors Market: Segmentation
The global distributed fiber optic sensors market is broadly classified on the basis of technology, applications and geographies.
Based on application, the global distributed fiber optic sensors market is segmented into:
·
Oil & Gas
·
Pipelines
·
Infrastructure
·
Geothermal
·
Process control
·
Security
·
Wind energy turbines
·
Brillouin Scattering
·
Raman Scattering
·
Rayleigh Scattering
·
Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG)
Though distributed fiber optic sensors traces back its history years ago, but for the emerging economies like
With developing new technologies in emerging economies, rapid urbanization and increasing housing and security investments, the acceptance of distributed fiber optic sensors is gaining popularity. The global distributed fiber optic sensors market is expected to expand at a promising CAGR during the forecast period (2015-2025).
Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors Market: Region-wise Outlook
The global distributed fiber optic sensors market is expected to remain quite optimistic for the forecast period. Depending on geographic regions, global distributed fiber optic sensors market is segmented into seven key regions: North America, South America, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Asia Pacific,
As of 2015,
2016年5月20日星期五
Fiber optic sensor applications in civil and geotechnical engineering
Different types of fiber optic sensors based on glass or
polymeric fibers are used to evaluate material behavior or to monitor the
integrity and long-term stability of load-bearing structure components.
Fiber-optic sensors have been established as a new and
innovative measurement technology in very different fields, such as material
science, civil engineering, light-weight structures, geotechnical areas as well
as chemical and high-voltage substations. Very often, mechanical quantities
such as deformation, strain or vibration are requested. However, measurement of
chemical quantities in materials and structure components, such as pH value in
steel reinforced concrete members also provides information about the integrity
of concrete structures.
A special fiber-optic chemical sensor for monitoring the
alkaline state (pH value) of the cementitious matrix in steel-reinforced
concrete structures with the purpose of early detection of corrosion-initiating
factors is described. The paper presents the use of several fiber-optic sensor
technologies in engineering.
One example concerns the use of highly resolving
concrete-embeddable fiber Fabry-Perot acoustic emission (AE) sensors for the
assessment of the bearing behaviour of large concrete piles in existing
foundations or during and after its installation. Another example concerns
fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors attached to anchor steels (micro piles) to
measure the strain distribution in loaded soil anchors.
Polymer optical fibers (POF) can be — because of their high
elasticity and high ultimate strain — well integrated into textiles to monitor
their deformation behaviour. Such “intelligent” textiles are capable of
monitoring displacement of soil or slopes, critical mechanical deformation in
geotechnical structures (dikes, dams, and embankments) as well as in masonry
structures during and after earthquakes.
2016年5月13日星期五
How they work – The Fibre Optical Sensors
1. INTRODUCTION
Recently, fibre optical sensors (FOS) have gained increased popularity and market acceptance. In comparison to conventional sensors they offer a number of distinct advantages which makes them unique for certain types of applications, mainly where conventional sensors are difficult or impossible to deploy or can not provide the same wealth of information.
2. TYPES OF FIBRE OPTICAL SENSORS
According to the spatial distribution of the measurand (the quantity to be measured), FOS can be classified as...
Point sensors: the measurement is carried out at a single point in space, but possibly multiple channels for addressing multiple points.
Examples are Fabry-Perot sensors and single Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors.
Integrated sensors: the measurement averages a physical parameter over a certain spatial section and provides a single value.
An example is a deformation sensor measuring strain over a long base length.
Quasi-distributed or multiplexed sensors: the measurand is determined at a number of fixed, discrete points along a single fibre optical cable. The most common example are multiplexed FBG's.
Distributed sensor: the parameter of interest is measured with a certain spatial resolution at any point along a single optical cable.
Examples include systems based on Rayleigh, Raman and Brillouin scattering.
3. GENERAL ADVANTAGES OF FIBRE OPTICAL SENSORS
Completely passive: can be used in explosive environment.
Immune to electromagnetic interference: ideal for microwave environment.
Resistant to high temperatures and chemically reactive environment:ideal for harsh and hostile environment.
Small size: ideal for embedding and surface mounting.
High degree of biocompatibility, non-intrusive nature and electromagnetic immune: ideal for medical applications like intra-aortic balloon pumping.
Can monitor a wide range of physical and chemical parameters.
Potential for very high sensitivity, range and resolution.
Complete electrical insulation from high electrostatic potential.
Remote operation over several km lengths without any lead sensitivity: ideal for deployment in boreholes or measurements in hazardous environment.
Multiplexed and distributed sensors are unique in that they provide measurements at a large number of points along a single optical cable: ideal for minimising cable deployment and cable weight, or for monitoring extended structures like pipelines, dams etc.
In what follows we give a brief explanation of the working principles of optical fibres and each type of sensors.
Recently, fibre optical sensors (FOS) have gained increased popularity and market acceptance. In comparison to conventional sensors they offer a number of distinct advantages which makes them unique for certain types of applications, mainly where conventional sensors are difficult or impossible to deploy or can not provide the same wealth of information.
2. TYPES OF FIBRE OPTICAL SENSORS
According to the spatial distribution of the measurand (the quantity to be measured), FOS can be classified as...
Point sensors: the measurement is carried out at a single point in space, but possibly multiple channels for addressing multiple points.
Examples are Fabry-Perot sensors and single Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors.
Integrated sensors: the measurement averages a physical parameter over a certain spatial section and provides a single value.
An example is a deformation sensor measuring strain over a long base length.
Quasi-distributed or multiplexed sensors: the measurand is determined at a number of fixed, discrete points along a single fibre optical cable. The most common example are multiplexed FBG's.
Distributed sensor: the parameter of interest is measured with a certain spatial resolution at any point along a single optical cable.
Examples include systems based on Rayleigh, Raman and Brillouin scattering.
3. GENERAL ADVANTAGES OF FIBRE OPTICAL SENSORS
Completely passive: can be used in explosive environment.
Immune to electromagnetic interference: ideal for microwave environment.
Resistant to high temperatures and chemically reactive environment:ideal for harsh and hostile environment.
Small size: ideal for embedding and surface mounting.
High degree of biocompatibility, non-intrusive nature and electromagnetic immune: ideal for medical applications like intra-aortic balloon pumping.
Can monitor a wide range of physical and chemical parameters.
Potential for very high sensitivity, range and resolution.
Complete electrical insulation from high electrostatic potential.
Remote operation over several km lengths without any lead sensitivity: ideal for deployment in boreholes or measurements in hazardous environment.
Multiplexed and distributed sensors are unique in that they provide measurements at a large number of points along a single optical cable: ideal for minimising cable deployment and cable weight, or for monitoring extended structures like pipelines, dams etc.
In what follows we give a brief explanation of the working principles of optical fibres and each type of sensors.
2016年4月26日星期二
Compact New Fiber Optic Sensors Provide Application Flexibility
Carlo Gavazzi is
pleased to announce a new line of Fiber Optic Sensors, including the FA1 Fiber
Optic Amplifier, and the FUT and FUR Fiber Optic Cables.
The compact, intuitive, and flexible design of the FA1 Fiber Optic Amplifier is ideal for a wide variety of applications. An adjustable signal level, selectable response time, multiple timer functions, and UL508 Approval provide the application flexibility required in industries such as semiconductor and packaging. Two 4-digit LED displays simplify programming, and provide excellent feedback for monitoring application set-up, troubleshooting, and operation.
Along with the FA1 Amplifier, Carlo Gavazzi has announced an entirely new line of fiber optic cables, including the FUR Fiber Optic Cables for retroreflective applications, and the FUT Fiber Optic Cables for through beam applications. These cables are available in a variety of diameters, sleeve lengths, and connector options, simplifying installation in diverse applications. FUT and FUR cables are currently available in plastic, and glass fiber optic cables will be available in the near future. Main technical features include:
FA1 Amplifier
• Two 4-digit LED display for signal/threshold levels
• Adjustable sensitivity via intuitive 3-way switch
• Selectable response time
• Different timer functions
• 100mA NPN or PNP output
• Light on and dark on switching
• cUL approved and CE marked
FUR & FUT Fiber Optic Cables
• Reflective & through-beam types
• Inner diameter 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0mm
• Outer diameter 2.2 or 1.25mm
• Bending radius 10, 15, 25mm
• Over-molding protection
• Straight or angled sensing heads
• Different sleeve length options
• 2m standard length
The compact, intuitive, and flexible design of the FA1 Fiber Optic Amplifier is ideal for a wide variety of applications. An adjustable signal level, selectable response time, multiple timer functions, and UL508 Approval provide the application flexibility required in industries such as semiconductor and packaging. Two 4-digit LED displays simplify programming, and provide excellent feedback for monitoring application set-up, troubleshooting, and operation.
Along with the FA1 Amplifier, Carlo Gavazzi has announced an entirely new line of fiber optic cables, including the FUR Fiber Optic Cables for retroreflective applications, and the FUT Fiber Optic Cables for through beam applications. These cables are available in a variety of diameters, sleeve lengths, and connector options, simplifying installation in diverse applications. FUT and FUR cables are currently available in plastic, and glass fiber optic cables will be available in the near future. Main technical features include:
FA1 Amplifier
• Two 4-digit LED display for signal/threshold levels
• Adjustable sensitivity via intuitive 3-way switch
• Selectable response time
• Different timer functions
• 100mA NPN or PNP output
• Light on and dark on switching
• cUL approved and CE marked
FUR & FUT Fiber Optic Cables
• Reflective & through-beam types
• Inner diameter 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0mm
• Outer diameter 2.2 or 1.25mm
• Bending radius 10, 15, 25mm
• Over-molding protection
• Straight or angled sensing heads
• Different sleeve length options
• 2m standard length
2016年4月20日星期三
Global Fiber Optic Sensors Market 2016 Segment, Trends, Analysis And Growth To 2020
Global Fiber Optic Sensors Industry 2016 Market Research Report was a
professional and depth research report on Global Fiber Optic Sensors
industry that you would know the world's major regional market
conditions of Fiber Optic Sensors industry, the main region including
North American, Europe and Asia etc, and the main country including
United States ,Germany ,Japan and China etc.
The report firstly introduced Fiber Optic Sensors basic information including Fiber Optic Sensors definition, classification, application and industry chain overview; Fiber Optic Sensors industry policy and plan, Fiber Optic Sensors product specification, manufacturing process, cost structure etc. Then we deeply analyzed the world's main region market conditions that including the product price, profit, capacity, production, capacity utilization, supply, demand and industry growth rate etc.
In the end, the report introduced Fiber Optic Sensors new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis and Global Twin-screw Extruder industry.
In a word, it was a depth research report on Global Fiber Optic Sensors industry. And thanks to the support and assistance from Fiber Optic Sensors industry chain related technical experts and marketing experts during Research Team survey and interviews.
The report including six parts, the first part mainly introduced the product basic information; the second part mainly analyzed the Asia Fiber Optic Sensors industry; the third part mainly analyzed the North American Fiber Optic Sensors industry; the fourth part mainly analyzed the Europe Fiber Optic Sensors industry; the fifth part mainly analyzed the market entry and investment feasibility; the sixth part was the report conclusion chapter.
Table of Content
Part I Fiber Optic Sensors Industry Overview
Chapter One Fiber Optic Sensors Industry Overview
1.1 Fiber Optic Sensors Definition
1.2 Fiber Optic Sensors Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Fiber Optic Sensors Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Fiber Optic Sensors Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Fiber Optic Sensors Application Analysis
1.3.1 Fiber Optic Sensors Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Fiber Optic Sensors Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Fiber Optic Sensors Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Fiber Optic Sensors Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Fiber Optic Sensors Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Fiber Optic Sensors Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Fiber Optic Sensors Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Fiber Optic Sensors Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Fiber Optic Sensors Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Fiber Optic Sensors Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Fiber Optic Sensors Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Fiber Optic Sensors Global Market Development Trend Analysis
Chapter Two Fiber Optic Sensors Up and Down Stream Industry Analysis
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Upstream Raw Materials Price Analysis
2.1.2 Upstream Raw Materials Market Analysis
2.1.3 Upstream Raw Materials Market Trend
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.1.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
The report firstly introduced Fiber Optic Sensors basic information including Fiber Optic Sensors definition, classification, application and industry chain overview; Fiber Optic Sensors industry policy and plan, Fiber Optic Sensors product specification, manufacturing process, cost structure etc. Then we deeply analyzed the world's main region market conditions that including the product price, profit, capacity, production, capacity utilization, supply, demand and industry growth rate etc.
In the end, the report introduced Fiber Optic Sensors new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis and Global Twin-screw Extruder industry.
In a word, it was a depth research report on Global Fiber Optic Sensors industry. And thanks to the support and assistance from Fiber Optic Sensors industry chain related technical experts and marketing experts during Research Team survey and interviews.
The report including six parts, the first part mainly introduced the product basic information; the second part mainly analyzed the Asia Fiber Optic Sensors industry; the third part mainly analyzed the North American Fiber Optic Sensors industry; the fourth part mainly analyzed the Europe Fiber Optic Sensors industry; the fifth part mainly analyzed the market entry and investment feasibility; the sixth part was the report conclusion chapter.
Table of Content
Part I Fiber Optic Sensors Industry Overview
Chapter One Fiber Optic Sensors Industry Overview
1.1 Fiber Optic Sensors Definition
1.2 Fiber Optic Sensors Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Fiber Optic Sensors Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Fiber Optic Sensors Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Fiber Optic Sensors Application Analysis
1.3.1 Fiber Optic Sensors Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Fiber Optic Sensors Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Fiber Optic Sensors Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Fiber Optic Sensors Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Fiber Optic Sensors Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Fiber Optic Sensors Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Fiber Optic Sensors Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Fiber Optic Sensors Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Fiber Optic Sensors Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Fiber Optic Sensors Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Fiber Optic Sensors Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Fiber Optic Sensors Global Market Development Trend Analysis
Chapter Two Fiber Optic Sensors Up and Down Stream Industry Analysis
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Upstream Raw Materials Price Analysis
2.1.2 Upstream Raw Materials Market Analysis
2.1.3 Upstream Raw Materials Market Trend
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.1.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
ISweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
2016年4月13日星期三
Fiber Optic Sensors: Fundamentals and Applications
Fiber optic sensing technology has evolved over 60 years of
development and commercialization. While many applications are for point
sensors, the most rapid expansion has been for distributed fiber optic sensor systems, which will be the focus of the presentation.
Distributed fiber optic sensing systems fall into two categories: quasi-distributed (multipoint) systems and continuous systems. The technologies associated with these systems will be covered in detail, including Bragg grating and interferometric methods, as well as Raman, Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering. These sensing concepts can be used to measure strain, temperature, vibration, pressure, acoustic emission, electric and magnetic fields, chemical detection and other parameters. The availability of this sensor capability has been used in a range of applications including oil and gas exploration and extraction, industrial monitoring, homeland security and military surveillance, and smart structures.
A very important point that is understated is that fiber optic sensing systems have enabled smart oil and gas wells that are allowingNorth
America to gain energy independence. The technology has not yet
reached maturity and will likely expand and create many new applications and
commercialization opportunities. A brief overview of the market will be
presented.
Distributed fiber optic sensing systems fall into two categories: quasi-distributed (multipoint) systems and continuous systems. The technologies associated with these systems will be covered in detail, including Bragg grating and interferometric methods, as well as Raman, Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering. These sensing concepts can be used to measure strain, temperature, vibration, pressure, acoustic emission, electric and magnetic fields, chemical detection and other parameters. The availability of this sensor capability has been used in a range of applications including oil and gas exploration and extraction, industrial monitoring, homeland security and military surveillance, and smart structures.
A very important point that is understated is that fiber optic sensing systems have enabled smart oil and gas wells that are allowing
2016年3月11日星期五
Epsilon Optics Launches Ultra-Compact, Fibre-Optic Sensor Interrogator
Epsilon Optics has just launched a new ultra-compact fibre optic sensor
interrogator with 8 channels and data acquisition rates of up to 10kHz.
Epsilon Optics says the interrogator as “probably one of the smallest multi-channel interregatos on the market,” claiming it can interrogate up to 800 sensors, each with a measurement range of 9000 microstrain.
Epsilon Optics supplies fibre optic sensing systems for measuring strain in all kinds of composite structures from yacht masts to tidal energy turbines and helicopter rotor blades. The new instrument has been developed primarily to satisfy an increasing number of applications in aerospace and defence markets for strain sensing in a wide range of composite, aluminium and hybrid structures including fixed and rotary wings, fuselage, and landing gear. However, Epsilon Optics explains, it is also likely to be appropriate for high performance yachts and other applications requiring high acquisition rates for large numbers of sensors and where size and weight must be minimised.
According to Epsilon Optics, the new high-speed 8 channel interrogator uses Moog Insensys Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) to enable up to 100 sensors to be multiplexed on a single optical fibre whilst every sensor retains the full measurement range of the instrument. The 8 optical channels are implemented by means of a high speed, solid-state optical switch to ensure a very high level of ruggedness and reliability. Consuming under 4W of power makes it suitable for battery operation and other low power applications. The unit represents a significant development of the very successful 3 channel high-speed interrogator which was tested to aerospace standard DO106E and also successfully operated whilst mounted on a helicopter rotor-head.
Epsilon Optics explains that fibre optic sensing is now firmly established as the most appropriate and reliable technology for monitoring strains, loads, and structural health of composite structures, effectively providing the structure with its own embedded nervous system.
iSweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
Epsilon Optics says the interrogator as “probably one of the smallest multi-channel interregatos on the market,” claiming it can interrogate up to 800 sensors, each with a measurement range of 9000 microstrain.
Epsilon Optics supplies fibre optic sensing systems for measuring strain in all kinds of composite structures from yacht masts to tidal energy turbines and helicopter rotor blades. The new instrument has been developed primarily to satisfy an increasing number of applications in aerospace and defence markets for strain sensing in a wide range of composite, aluminium and hybrid structures including fixed and rotary wings, fuselage, and landing gear. However, Epsilon Optics explains, it is also likely to be appropriate for high performance yachts and other applications requiring high acquisition rates for large numbers of sensors and where size and weight must be minimised.
According to Epsilon Optics, the new high-speed 8 channel interrogator uses Moog Insensys Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) to enable up to 100 sensors to be multiplexed on a single optical fibre whilst every sensor retains the full measurement range of the instrument. The 8 optical channels are implemented by means of a high speed, solid-state optical switch to ensure a very high level of ruggedness and reliability. Consuming under 4W of power makes it suitable for battery operation and other low power applications. The unit represents a significant development of the very successful 3 channel high-speed interrogator which was tested to aerospace standard DO106E and also successfully operated whilst mounted on a helicopter rotor-head.
Epsilon Optics explains that fibre optic sensing is now firmly established as the most appropriate and reliable technology for monitoring strains, loads, and structural health of composite structures, effectively providing the structure with its own embedded nervous system.
iSweek（http://www.isweek.com/）- Industry sourcing & Wholesale industrial products
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